Answer:
The relation between the shielding and effective nuclear charge is given as
where s denote shielding
z_{eff} denote effective nuclear charge
Z - atomic number
Explanation:
shielding is referred to as the repulsion of an outermost electron to the pull of electron from valence shell. Higher the electron in valence shell higher will be the shielding effects.
Effective nuclear charge is the amount of net positive charge that valence electron has.
The relation between the shielding and the effective nuclear charge is given as
wheres denote shielding
z_{eff} denote effective nuclear charge
Z - atomic number
The first step in the scientific methods is ask a question
Answer: b. The waste generated is hazardous and must be disposed of.
c. Nuclear material can be spilled into the ocean if reactors are near the coast.
d. A large amount of cold water is generated, which must be stored somewhere.
Explanation:
The main environmental costs for produced during the nuclear power plant consists of procurement of fuel and the thermal load is also produced with cold water discharge in the sea. This can contaminate the sea, hence, must be stored somewhere. The nuclear waste consists of radioactive substances which are hazardous for the environment. The nuclear based electricity does not produce carbon dioxide.
<span>the noble gases are those who occupy the eighth group of the periodic table and are so called because having the complete valence shell do not need to form bonds with other atoms and are thus in atomic form ...
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The noble gases (also called rare gases) are of the inert gases that constitute the eighteenth [1] group of the periodic table of the elements, ie, the right-most column. They consist of atoms with electron shells full. It includes the following elements: helium neon argon krypton xenon radon Ununoctium <span>Sometimes they (particularly helium) are located together with other gases (mostly nitrogen and methane) into endogenous sources; helium of endogenous origin comes from the decomposition of radioactive elements present in the subsurface that emit α particles (ie ions He2 +): These oxidized species present in the soil and become elio.I atoms of the noble gases are all monatomic gas, not easily liquefiable, present the atmosphere in different percentages; the most common is argon which is approximately the 0.932%.</span>
