Which of the following describes the physical state of the layers of the Earth from the outside to the center?

At 298 K, what is the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) for the following reaction?

9966 [12]

Answer:

(a). The Gibbs free energy change is 2.895 kJ and its positive.

(b). The Gibbs free energy change is 34.59 J/mole

(c). The pressure is 14924 atm.

(d). The Gibbs free energy of diamond relative to graphite is 4912 J.

Explanation:

Given that,

Temperature = 298 K

Suppose, density of graphite is 2.25 g/cm³ and density of diamond is 3.51 g/cm³.

$\Delta H\ for\ diamond = 1.897 kJ/mol$

$\Delta H\ for\ graphite = 0 kJ/mol$

$\Delta S\ for\ diamond = 2.38 J/(K mol)$

$\Delta S\ for\ graphite = 5.73 J/(K mol)$

(a) We need to calculate the value of $\Delta G$ for diamond

Using formula of Gibbs free energy change

$\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S$

Put the value into the formula

$\Delta G= (1897-0)-298\times(2.38-5.73)$

$\Delta G=2895.3$

$\Delta G=2.895\ kJ$

The Gibbs free energy change is positive.

(b). When it is compressed isothermally from 1 atm to 1000 atm

We need to calculate the change of Gibbs free energy of diamond

Using formula of gibbs free energy

$\Delta S=V\times\Delta P$

$\Delta S=\dfrac{m}{\rho}\times\Delta P$

Put the value into the formula

$\Delta S=\dfrac{12\times10^{-6}}{3.51}\times999\times10130$

$\Delta S=34.59\ J/mole$

(c). Assuming that graphite and diamond are incompressible

We need to calculate the pressure

Using formula of Gibbs free energy

$\beta= \Delta G_{g}+\Delta G+\Delta G_{d}$

$\beta=V(-\Delta P_{g})+\Delta G+V\Delta P_{d}$

$\beta=\Delta P(V_{d}-V_{g})+\Delta G$

Put the value into the formula

$0=\Delta P(\dfrac{12\times10^{-6}}{3.51}-\dfrac{12\times10^{-6}}{2.25})\times10130+2895.3$

$0=-0.0194\Delta P+2895.3$

$\Delta P=\dfrac{2895.3}{0.0194}$

$\Delta P=14924\ atm$

(d). Here, $C_{p}=0$

So, The value of $\Delta H$ and $\Delta S$ at 900 k will be equal at 298 K

We need to calculate the Gibbs free energy of diamond relative to graphite

Using formula of Gibbs free energy

$\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S$

Put the value into the formula

$\Delta G=(1897-0)-900\times(2.38-5.73)$

$\Delta G=4912\ J$

Hence, (a). The Gibbs free energy change is 2.895 kJ and its positive.

(b). The Gibbs free energy change is 34.59 J/mole

(c). The pressure is 14924 atm.

(d). The Gibbs free energy of diamond relative to graphite is 4912 J.

7 0

2 years ago

You are separating anthracene from benzoic acid via an extraction between ethyl acetate and a basic aqueous solution in a separa

anygoal [31]

The benzoic acid Collect the top layer dry with Na2SO4 and evaporate the solvent.

Benzoic acid is sparingly soluble in water and forms a precipitate. The benzoic acid can then be separated by suction filtration through a Buchner funnel. Washing with sodium bicarbonate converts the benzoic acid to the more water-soluble form of sodium benzoate, which is extracted into the aqueous layer. Additionally, sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the catalytic acid in this reaction.

Benzoic acid containing the naphthalene impurity can be purified by crystallization in water. The reaction between benzoic acid and NaOH is an acid-base neutralization reaction. An acid reacts with a base to form salt and water. In aqueous solutions, NaOH increases the solubility of benzoic acid. Benzoic acid cannot move from one layer to another because ethanol is immiscible with water.

Learn more about Benzoic acid here:-brainly.com/question/28299797

#SPJ4

4 0

1 year ago

Without a catalyst, a reaction may require very high temperatures in order to occur. How does a catalyst speed a reaction at low

Wittaler [7]

It lowers the amount of energy required to break chemical bonds.

7 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Compare and contrast a driver of a car and truck, and list defensive driving no links

ahrayia [7]

Answer:

These defensive driving skills can help you avoid the dangers caused by other ... being aware of the cars around you, checking your mirrors — the list goes on. ... It's not just teen drivers who are at fault: People who have been driving for a while ... car and a slow-moving truck in the same lane, it's a pretty sure bet the driver ...

Explanation:

5 0

2 years ago

Using what you know about the periodic table, choose all of the correct answers.

a_sh-v [17]

Answer:

Explanation:

Which of the following elements would lose an electron easily?

In particular, cesium (Cs) can give up its valence electron more easily than can lithium (Li). In fact, for the alkali metals (the elements in Group 1), the ease of giving up an electron varies as follows: Cs > Rb > K > Na > Li with Cs the most likely, and Li the least likely, to lose an electron

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers