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Llana [10]
3 years ago
5

Generally speaking, which group would have the lowest electronegativity values in a period?

Chemistry
2 answers:
Annette [7]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

Group 1 would have the lowest electronegativity values.

dezoksy [38]3 years ago
3 0

Answer: Group 1 would have the lowest electronegativity values.

Explanation:

Electronegativity is the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons. It is also synonymous with the oxidizing ability or non-metallic character of elements.

Generally, across a given period from left to right, electronegativity increases due to increasing nuclear charge and decreasing atomic radius ( or atomic size ). This is because there is a greater tendency for a smaller atom with higher nuclear attraction to attract electrons than a larger atom with a lower nuclear attraction due to the shielding effect of the nuclear attraction by the inner shell electrons on the outermost electrons in the larger atom.

Also, down a particular group, electronegativity generally decreases due to increasing atomic radius/size.

This is why metals are generally electropositive ( lose electrons ) and non-metals are electronegative ( gain electrons ) as they are both found more on the left and right sides of the periodic table respectively.

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Thus BeF2 is of most covalent character.

Anyways, covalent/ionic character is a bit tricky to figure out; we measure the difference in electronegativity of two elements bonding together and we use the following rule of thumb: if the charge is 0 (or a little more), the bond is non-polar covalent; if the charge is > 0 but < 2.0 (some references say 1.7), the bond is polar covalent; if the charge is > 2.0 then the bond is ionic. Covalent character refers to smaller electronegativity difference while ionic character refers to greater electronegativity difference.


Now, notice all of our bonds are with F, fluorine, which has the highest electronegativity of 3.98. This means that to determine character we need to consider the electronegativities of the other elements -- whichever has the greatest electronegativity has the least difference and most covalent character.
Na, sodium, has electronegativity of 0.93, so our difference is ~3 -- meaning our bond is ionic. Ca, calcium, has 1.00, leaving our difference to again be ~3 and therefore the bond is ionic. Be, beryllium, has 1.57 yielding a difference of ~2.5, meaning we're still dealing with ionic bond. Cs, cesium, has 0.79, meaning our difference is again ~3 and therefore again our compound is of ionic bond. Lastly, we have Sr, strontium, with an electronegativity of 0.95 and therefore again a difference of roughly 3 and an ionic bond. <span>
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