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mafiozo [28]
2 years ago
9

Trevor dissolves sodium hydroxide pellets in a beaker of water at room temperature, and notes that the beaker becomes warm. Whic

h correctly designates the signs of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for this process?
A. ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0
B. ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0
C. ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG > 0
D. ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0, and ΔG > 0
Chemistry
2 answers:
Ainat [17]2 years ago
8 0
Alright, so this question covers the subject of spontaneous reactions. Reactions tend to be spontaneous if the products have a lower potential energy than the reactants or when the product molecules are less ordered than the reactant molecules. This may seem a little confusing but to put it simply, spontaneous reactions occur naturally. 
This means there is no external force for the reaction, usually exothermic, and increases entropy. Gibbs free energy change helps us determine if the reaction is spontaneous:

   delta G= delta H -T(delta S)       spontaneous if delta G<0

Remember that H stands for enthalpy, or potential energy; T is for temperature; and S is entropy, the amount of disorder(spontaneous reactions increase in entropy take for ice to liquid water).

- delta H= exothermic  
The reaction in the problem releases heat so the enthalpy is negative.

delta S increases with increased temperature
The entropy will be positive.

Plugging this in the Gibbs equation, you can assume delta G will be less than 0.

Therefore, the answer is B. Sorry for the long and possibly not helpful explanation. I'm learning this material currently myself. Best of luck!


andreyandreev [35.5K]2 years ago
3 0

Answer: B. ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0

Explanation:

As the beaker gets warm ,the energy has been released when Trevor dissolves sodium hydroxide pellets in a beaker of water. Thus as the energy has been released in the reaction, the reaction is exothermic and the change in enthalpy i.e. \DeltaH is negative and is less than zero.

The entropy is the measure of degree of randomness. The entropy increases when the randomness increases and the entropy decreases when the randomness decreases. When a substance dissolves in water, it dissociate into ions and hence the randomness increases thus the change in entropy i.e. \DeltaS is positive and  is more than zero.

also \Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S

\Delta G=(-ve)-T(+ve)=(-ve)(-ve)=-ve

That is change in gibbs free energy i.e. \Delta G is negative and is less than zero.

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Answer:

It is composed of protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no charge. Protons, neutrons, and the electrons surrounding them are long-lived particles present in all ordinary, naturally occurring atoms. Other subatomic particles may be found in association with these three types of particles.

Explanation:

Atoms consist of three basic particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons. The nucleus (center) of the atom contains the protons (positively charged) and the neutrons (no charge). The outermost regions of the atom are called electron shells and contain the electrons (negatively charged).

3 0
3 years ago
Which of the following is not a correct chemical equation for a double displacement reaction?
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Where are the options?
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Which sub-atomic particle is positively charged and found in the nucleus?
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The proton has a positive charge.
4 0
3 years ago
When a reaction has reached equilibrium... A. Q = K B. The rate of the forward reaction and the rate of the reverse reaction are
grin007 [14]

Answer:

The correct answer is option A.

Explanation:

Equilibrium is a state when rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction. The concentration of reactants and products becomes constant at this state.

The ratio of concentration of products to the concentration of reactants each raised to the power their stoichiometric coefficients is termed as Equilibrium constant. It is denoted by K_{eq}.

aA + bB \rightleftharpoons cC

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4 0
3 years ago
4.2 g of lithium (Li) reacts with 2.8 g of nitrogen (N2). Find the simplest molar ratio in which lithium reacts with nitrogen.
o-na [289]

The simplest molar ratio in which lithium reacts with nitrogen is 6 moles of lithium to 1 mol of nitrogen.

What is molar ratio?

A molar ratio examines the ratio that exist between two chemical compounds showing the amounts in moles of the compounds involved in a chemical reaction.

Molar ratio = amount of a constituent in moles ÷ total amount of all constituents in a mixture in moles

Given:

Mass of lithium (Li) = 4.2 g

Mass of  nitrogen (N2) = 2.8 g

Total amount of mass = 7g

Moles = molecular weight  ÷  mass of water

Moles of lithium (Li) = 4.2 ÷ 7 = 0.60 mol

Moles of nitrogen (N₂) = 2.8 ÷ 7 =  0.10 mol

Therefore, ratio Li : N₂ = 0.60 : 0.10 = 6 : 1

6 Li + N₂

The balanced equation between lithium and nitrogen, to form lithium nitride = 6 Li + N₂ → 2 Li₃N₆L i + N₂ → 2Li₃N

In summary, the simplest molar ratio in which lithium reacts with nitrogen is 6:1

Learn more about molar ratio here: brainly.com/question/14677248

#SPJ1

8 0
10 months ago
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