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mafiozo [28]
2 years ago
9

Trevor dissolves sodium hydroxide pellets in a beaker of water at room temperature, and notes that the beaker becomes warm. Whic

h correctly designates the signs of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for this process?
A. ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0
B. ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0
C. ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG > 0
D. ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0, and ΔG > 0
Chemistry
2 answers:
Ainat [17]2 years ago
8 0
Alright, so this question covers the subject of spontaneous reactions. Reactions tend to be spontaneous if the products have a lower potential energy than the reactants or when the product molecules are less ordered than the reactant molecules. This may seem a little confusing but to put it simply, spontaneous reactions occur naturally. 
This means there is no external force for the reaction, usually exothermic, and increases entropy. Gibbs free energy change helps us determine if the reaction is spontaneous:

   delta G= delta H -T(delta S)       spontaneous if delta G<0

Remember that H stands for enthalpy, or potential energy; T is for temperature; and S is entropy, the amount of disorder(spontaneous reactions increase in entropy take for ice to liquid water).

- delta H= exothermic  
The reaction in the problem releases heat so the enthalpy is negative.

delta S increases with increased temperature
The entropy will be positive.

Plugging this in the Gibbs equation, you can assume delta G will be less than 0.

Therefore, the answer is B. Sorry for the long and possibly not helpful explanation. I'm learning this material currently myself. Best of luck!


andreyandreev [35.5K]2 years ago
3 0

Answer: B. ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0

Explanation:

As the beaker gets warm ,the energy has been released when Trevor dissolves sodium hydroxide pellets in a beaker of water. Thus as the energy has been released in the reaction, the reaction is exothermic and the change in enthalpy i.e. \DeltaH is negative and is less than zero.

The entropy is the measure of degree of randomness. The entropy increases when the randomness increases and the entropy decreases when the randomness decreases. When a substance dissolves in water, it dissociate into ions and hence the randomness increases thus the change in entropy i.e. \DeltaS is positive and  is more than zero.

also \Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S

\Delta G=(-ve)-T(+ve)=(-ve)(-ve)=-ve

That is change in gibbs free energy i.e. \Delta G is negative and is less than zero.

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Burning 12.00 g of an oxoacid produces 17.95 g of carbon dioxide and 4.87 g of water. Consider that 0.25
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Answer: The molecular formula will be C_6H_6O_6

Explanation:

Mass of CO_2 = 17.95 g

Mass of H_2O= 4.87 g

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol

Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol

For calculating the mass of carbon:

In 44g of carbon dioxide, 12 g of carbon is contained.

So, in 17.95 g of carbon dioxide, =\frac{12}{44}\times 17.95=4.89g of carbon will be contained.

For calculating the mass of hydrogen:

In 18g of water, 2 g of hydrogen is contained.

So, in 4.87 g of water, =\frac{2}{18}\times 4.87=0.541g of hydrogen will be contained.

Mass of oxygen in the compound = (12.00) - (4.89+0.541) = 6.57 g

Mass of C = 4.89 g

Mass of H =  0.541 g

Mass of O = 6.57 g

Step 1 : convert given masses into moles.

Moles of C =\frac{\text{ given mass of C}}{\text{ molar mass of C}}= \frac{4.89g}{12g/mole}=0.407moles

Moles of H=\frac{\text{ given mass of H}}{\text{ molar mass of H}}= \frac{0.541g}{1g/mole}=0.541moles

Moles of O=\frac{\text{ given mass of O}}{\text{ molar mass of O}}= \frac{6.57g}{16g/mole}=0.410moles

Step 2 : For the mole ratio, divide each value of moles by the smallest number of moles calculated.

For C =\frac{0.407}{0.407}=1

For H =\frac{0.541}{0.407}=1

For O = \frac{0.410}{0.407}=1

The ratio of C : H : O = 1: 1  : 1

Hence the empirical formula is CHO.

Hence the empirical formula is CHO

The empirical weight of CHO = 1(12)+1(1)+1(16)= 29 g.

If 0.25 moles has mass of 44.0 g

Thus 1 mole has mass of = \frac{44.0}{0.25}\times 1=176g

Thus molecular mass is 176 g

Now we have to calculate the molecular formula.

n=\frac{\text{Molecular weight }}{\text{Equivalent weight}}=\frac{176g}{29g}=6

The molecular formula will be=6\times CHO=C_6H_6O_6

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