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mafiozo [28]
2 years ago
9

Trevor dissolves sodium hydroxide pellets in a beaker of water at room temperature, and notes that the beaker becomes warm. Whic

h correctly designates the signs of ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG for this process?
A. ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0
B. ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0
C. ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG > 0
D. ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0, and ΔG > 0
Chemistry
2 answers:
Ainat [17]2 years ago
8 0
Alright, so this question covers the subject of spontaneous reactions. Reactions tend to be spontaneous if the products have a lower potential energy than the reactants or when the product molecules are less ordered than the reactant molecules. This may seem a little confusing but to put it simply, spontaneous reactions occur naturally. 
This means there is no external force for the reaction, usually exothermic, and increases entropy. Gibbs free energy change helps us determine if the reaction is spontaneous:

   delta G= delta H -T(delta S)       spontaneous if delta G<0

Remember that H stands for enthalpy, or potential energy; T is for temperature; and S is entropy, the amount of disorder(spontaneous reactions increase in entropy take for ice to liquid water).

- delta H= exothermic  
The reaction in the problem releases heat so the enthalpy is negative.

delta S increases with increased temperature
The entropy will be positive.

Plugging this in the Gibbs equation, you can assume delta G will be less than 0.

Therefore, the answer is B. Sorry for the long and possibly not helpful explanation. I'm learning this material currently myself. Best of luck!


andreyandreev [35.5K]2 years ago
3 0

Answer: B. ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0, and ΔG < 0

Explanation:

As the beaker gets warm ,the energy has been released when Trevor dissolves sodium hydroxide pellets in a beaker of water. Thus as the energy has been released in the reaction, the reaction is exothermic and the change in enthalpy i.e. \DeltaH is negative and is less than zero.

The entropy is the measure of degree of randomness. The entropy increases when the randomness increases and the entropy decreases when the randomness decreases. When a substance dissolves in water, it dissociate into ions and hence the randomness increases thus the change in entropy i.e. \DeltaS is positive and  is more than zero.

also \Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S

\Delta G=(-ve)-T(+ve)=(-ve)(-ve)=-ve

That is change in gibbs free energy i.e. \Delta G is negative and is less than zero.

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The substances sodium (Na), oxygen (O2), and sodium oxide (Na20) participate in this chemical reaction
Margaret [11]

Answer:

C

Explanation:

This is a synthesis or a combination reaction , which involves the oxygen combining with sodium to make one compound.

hope it helps.

you're welcome.

8 0
3 years ago
An interplanetary probe returns to Earth with soil samples. The atoms in the sample are sorted by their number of protons. A new
Leya [2.2K]

Answer is: the average atomic mass is 232.

ω₁ = 20% ÷ 100%.

ω₁ = 0.20.

ω₂ = 80% ÷ 100%.

ω₂ = 0.80.

Ar₁ = 120 (number of protons) + 120 (number of neutrons).

Ar₁ = 240.

Ar₂ = 120 + 110 .

Ar₂ = 230.

Average atomic mass of atoms of bolognium =  

Ar₁ · ω₁ + Ar₂ · ω₂.  

Average atomic mass of atoms of bolognium =  240 · 0.2 + 230 · 0.8.  

Average atomic mass of atoms of bolognium = 48 + 184.  

Average atomic mass of atoms of bolognium = 232.

4 0
3 years ago
By what factor will the kinetic energy change if the speed of the baseball is decreased to 54.8 mi/h? Express your answer as an
Serggg [28]

Answer:

The Kinetic Energy is approximately 3 times decreased

Explanation:

A baseball weighs 5.13 oz.  

a)What is the kinetic energy, in joules, of this baseball when it is thrown by a major league pitcher at 95.o mi/h?  

b) By what factor will the kinetic energy change if the speed of the baseball is decreased to 54.8 mi/h? Express your answer as an integer.

Kinetic Energy (KE)=0.5×mass×velocity ^ 2

Kinetic Energy (KE)=0.5×mass × velocity ^ 2

Joules = kg×m^2/s^2

1 mile = 1609.344 meters

1 hour = 3600 sec

1 Oz = 28.34952 g = 0.02834952 kg

a) KE=0.5×m×v^2

=0.5×(5.13 oz × 0.02834952 kg/1 ounce)×(95 miles/h × 1609.344 m/1 mile × 1 hr/3600 s)^2

=130.761 kg×m^2/s^2 = 130.761 Joules

b) KE=0.5×m×v^2

=0.5×(5.13 oz × 0.02834952 kg/1 ounce)×(54.8 miles/h × 1609.344 m/1 mile × 1 hr/3600 s)^2

=43.51028 kg×m^2/s^2 = 43.51028 Joules

= 130.761 / 43.51028 = 3.00528,  

As such the Kinetic Energy is approximately 3 times decreased

4 0
3 years ago
Identify the oxidation state of Ba 2 + . +2 Identify the oxidation state of S in SO 2 . +2 Identify the oxidation state of S in
cupoosta [38]

Answer:

The oxidation state of Ba in cation Ba²⁺ is +2

The oxidation state of S in SO₂, is +4

The oxidation state of S in anion sulfate (SO₄⁻²) is +6

The oxidation state of Zn in the Zinc sulfate, is +2

Explanation:

We define oxidation state as the number which can be negative or positive that  

indicates the number of electrons that the atom has accepted or transferred.

All the elements in ground state has 0 as oxidation state.

This numbers are very important for redox reaction which are balanced by the ion electron method.

When the elements gain electrons, the element is being reduced so the oxidation state decreases.

When the elements release electrons, the element is oxidized so the oxidation state increases.

We have to think, that global charge of a compound is 0, for example in the ZnSO₄.

The sulfate anion has a global charge of -2 because it has released 2 protons, it came from the sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). As the global charge is -2, oxygen acts with -2, and the anion has 4 atoms so the global charge of O is -8. Definetly S, has +6 as oxidation state.

In the SO₂, oxygen acts with -2 and there are 2 atoms in the compound, so the global charge is 0 and the global charge for O  is -4. Therefore S must act with +4.

Ba²⁺ is an element of group 2 and has a tendency to form a cation, so it can release electrons for that purpose.  At least, it can release 2 e⁻, that's why the oxidation state is +2. It can complete the octet rule and it will be isoelectronic with Xe.

3 0
3 years ago
Which pieces of equipment would be used to measure the density of a solution?
Inessa05 [86]

Answer:

c I've taken chem 3 times

Explanation:

5 0
3 years ago
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