Answer
-19
Step-by-step explanation:
AS WE NEED TO FIND THE DIFF SO -8-11=-19
ANSWER
-2 shift the graph of the basic function down by 2 units.
EXPLANATION
The given cosine function is:

This equation can be rewritten as:

We compare this to

The effect d has on the graph is that, it shifts the graph up by d units.
If d is negative the graph shifts down by d units.
Since d=-2, the graph will shift down by 2 units.
Answer:
The battery was 19 percent when the charging began.
It took 32.4 minutes for the battery to be fully charged.
Step-by-step explanation:
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23. because there is a 90 degree angle and then the 67 degree angle, and triangle law says that all angles add up to 180.