The main determining factor in defining boundaries between layers of earth's atmosphere would be temperature changes in these layers. Temperature is one essential property that varies in the atmosphere. Based from this variation, the atmosphere is divided into four major layers and further to three smaller layers - troposphere, tropopause, the stratosphere, stratopause, the mesosphere, mesopause, and the thermosphere.The troposphere is the layer that is nearest to the surface of the Earth. It is the part where humans, plants and animals survive. Also, it is the warmest layer of the atmosphere. And as we go higher the atmosphere, the temperature would drop making it much cooler.
Answer:
The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction
Explanation:
Refraction occurs when a light wave passes through the boundary between two mediums.
When a ray of light is refracted, it changes speed and direction, according to Snell's Law:
where
:
is the index of refraction of the 1st medium
is the index of refraction of the 2nd medium
is the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray and the normal to the boundary)
is the angle of refraction (the angle between the refracted ray and the normal to the boundary)
In this problem, we have a ray of light passing from air into clear plastic. We have:
(index of refraction of air)
approx. (index of refraction in clear plastic)
Snell's Law can be rewritten as
And since 
, we have
And so
Which means that
The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction
Answer:
single replacement
Explanation:
In the question it says one element replaces another element which means there is only one replacement.
Water is, indeed, an exception. Normally when temperature drops, material shrinks. Water doesn't, water expands instead.
Answer:
Powerful electromagnets are fitted on top of guideways either ttract or repel the magents fitted on the bottom of train. The froce of attraction/repulsion rasies the train in hovering position.
Explanation:
Magentic fields exist between two opposite/like poles. The poles do not have to be touching each other. They can be separated by a distance in a medium that doesn' block magnetic field.
In magelv train the magnetic forces between two poles are used to operate the train. The two poles are separated by train body and air.
