Energy, mass, and the speed of light squared.
(E, M, and C^2 respectively).
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The question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Write the net ionic equation for the below chemical reaction:
(c): 
<u>Answer:</u> The net ionic equation is 
<u>Explanation:</u>
Net ionic equation is defined as the equations in which spectator ions are not included.
Spectator ions are the ones that are present equally on the reactant and product sides. They do not participate in the reaction.
(c):
The balanced molecular equation is:

The complete ionic equation follows:

As ammonium and chloride ions are present on both sides of the reaction. Thus, they are considered spectator ions.
The net ionic equation follows:

<h3><u>Answer</u>;</h3>
A. When a reaction is at chemical equilibrium, a change in the system will cause the system to shift in the direction that will balance the change and help the reaction regain chemical equilibrium.
<h3><u>Explanation</u>;</h3>
- Le Chatelier's principle states that when a change or a "stress" is placed on a system that is at equilibrium, the system will shift in such a way to relieve that change or stress.
- The stresses include; changing the concentration of reactants or products, altering the temperature in the system and changing the pressure of the system.
- Therefore; <u><em>when a chemical reaction is at equilibrium and experiences a change in pressure, temperature, or concentration of products or reactants, the equilibrium shifts in the opposite direction to offset the change. </em></u>
Answer:
The key difference between empirical and molecular formulas is that an empirical formula only gives the simplest ratio of atom whereas a molecular formula gives the exact number of each atom in a molecule.
No elements visible!
Ions form between metals and non-metals.
Hope this helps!