<h2>
Answer</h2>
Bromination:
Any reaction or process in which bromine (and no other elements) are introduced into a molecule.
Bromonium Ion:
The bromonium ion is formed when alkenes react with bromine. When the π cloud of the alkene (acting as a nucleophile) approaches the bromine molecule (acting as an electrophile), the σ-bond electrons of Br2 are pushed away, resulting in the departure of the bromide anion.(2)
Mechanism:
Step 1:
In the first step of the reaction, a bromine molecule approaches the electron-rich alkene carbon–carbon double bond. The bromine atom closer to the bond takes on a partial positive charge as its electrons are repelled by the electrons of the double bond. The atom is electrophilic at this time and is attacked by the pi electrons of the alkene [carbon–carbon double bond]. It forms for an instant a single sigma bond to both of the carbon atoms involved (2). The bonding of bromine is special in this intermediate, due to its relatively large size compared to carbon, the bromide ion is capable of interacting with both carbons which once shared the π-bond, making a three-membered ring. The bromide ion acquires a positive formal charge. At this moment the halogen ion is called a "bromonium ion".
Step 2:
When the first bromine atom attacks the carbon–carbon π-bond, it leaves behind one of its electrons with the other bromine that it was bonded to in Br2. That other atom is now a negative bromide anion and is attracted to the slight positive charge on the carbon atoms. It is blocked from nucleophilic attack on one side of the carbon chain by the first bromine atom and can only attack from the other side. As it attacks and forms a bond with one of the carbons, the bond between the first bromine atom and the other carbon atoms breaks, leaving each carbon atom with a halogen substituent.
In this way the two halogens add in an anti addition fashion, and when the alkene is part of a cycle the dibromide adopts the trans configuration.
The branch of chemist is a substance of science and pysical is the land science such as a desert of a forest those are chemist and physical science have a good day :)
Answer:
2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ → 8CO₂ + 10H₂O.
Explanation:
- To balance a chemical reaction, we apply the law of conversation of mass, states that the no. of atoms in both sides of the reactants and products is the same.
So, the balanced equation of combustion of butane is:
<em>2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ → 8CO₂ + 10H₂O.</em>
- <em>It is clear that 2.0 moles of butane is burned in 13.0 moles of oxygen to produce 8.0 moles of CO₂ and 10.0 moles of H₂O.</em>
Answer: People that are usually nearsighted have lots of difficulty reading road signs from far distance, also have difficulty with seeing distant objects clearly, and this is obviously something dangerous for a person who has trouble with seeing from far. And the weird thing is, they might have that difficulty but in the other hand, they are able to see very well from close-up tasks such as reading a book or seeing the computer screen clearly. This disability is called "myopia". In addition, people who are nearsighted also have difficulty seeing objects from far distance very blurry. Farsightedness is the result of the visual image being focused behind the retina rather than directly on it. It may be caused by the eyeball being too small or the focusing power being too weak.
I hope this helps answer your question! If you have options for this question, let me know k :) (Ask for help too)