Answer:
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Auto-ionization of water is an ionization reaction in pure water or in another aqueous solution, in which a water molecule, H2O, loses the nucleus of one of its hydrogen atoms to become a hydroxide ion, OH−.
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<u>Ans: Acetic acid = 90.3 mM and Sodium acetate = 160 mM</u>
Given:
Acetic Acid/Sodium Acetate buffer of pH = 5.0
Let HA = acetic acid
A- = sodium acetate
Total concentration [HA] + [A-] = 250 mM ------(1)
pKa(acetic acid) = 4.75
Based on Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
pH = pKa + log[A-]/[HA]
[A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH-pKa) = 10^(5-4.75) = 10^0.25 = 1.77
[A-] = 1.77[HA] -----(2)
From (1) and (2)
[HA] + 1.77[HA] = 250 mM
[HA] = 250/2.77 = 90.25 mM
[A-] = 1.77(90.25) = 159.74 mM
The Nuremberg War Crimes trials established the international legal precedent that individuals who violate human rights can be held responsible for their actions. The correct option in regards to all the options given in the question is option "2".
The Nuremberg trials were held
against the Germans by the Allied forces against the war crimes done by the
Germans during World War II. Many of the allied countries were in favor of
killing the war criminals before any trial, but ultimately the trial was held
and the criminals were either hanged to death of were killed by the firing
squad.
1.Lithium has the greater ionization energy
2. Vanadium has a greater ionization energy