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3 years ago

What is the pressure of the ideal gas when the volume is decreased to 4.0 L and the temperature is increased to 265 K?

1 answer:

8 0

It is an ideal gas therefore we can use the ideal gas equation to solve the problem. The ideal gas equation is expressed as PV = nRT. First, we solve the amount of the gas in moles using the said equation and the first conditions.

(2.0 atm) (5.0 x 10^3 cm^3) = n (82.0575 atm.cm^3/mol.K)(215 K)
n=0.5668 mol

Using the second conditions given, we obtain the new pressure.
P (4.0 x 10^3) = 0.5668 x 82.0575 x 265
P= 3.08 atm

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Answer:

1-bromo-2,3-dimethylbutane is chiral. There is one chiral center at carbon number 2.

4,5-dimethyl-2,6-octadiyne is chiral. There are two chiral centers: one at carbon number 4 and the other at carbon number 5.

Explanation:

Start by sketching the structure of the two compounds. (A colored sketch of the two compounds is attached.) The first compound is a branched halogen-alkane with four carbon atoms in its backbone. The second is a branched alkyne with two triple bonds.

Each carbon atom contains four valence electrons. It forms four chemical bonds. A carbon atom is chiral if each of its four bonds connects to a different group of atoms.

For example, the second carbon atom (number two) in 1-bromo-2,3-dimethylbutane is connected to:

one $\rm \text{-CH}_2\text{Br}$ ,
one $\text{-CH}_3$ ,
one $\text{-H}$ , and
one $\text{-CH}(\text{CH}_3)_2$ .

All four of these groups are different. As a result, this carbon atom is chiral.

Another example: the third carbon atom in 1-bromo-2,3-dimethylbutane is connected to

one $\text{-H}$ ,
two $\text{-CH}_3$ , and
one $\text{-CH}(\text{CH}_3)(\text{CH}_2\text{Br})$ .

This carbon atom is connected to two instances of the same group $\text{-CH}_3$ . As a result, it is not chiral.

One more example: the first carbon atom in in 1-bromo-2,3-dimethylbutane is connected to:

two $\text{-H}$ ,
one $\text{-Br}$ , and
one $\text{-CH}(\text{CH}_3)(\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)_2)$ .

This carbon atom is connected to two of the same group. As a result, it is not chiral. This example shows that it is likely helpful for the sketch to include all the hydrogen atoms in this compound.

Carbon atoms 2, 3, 6, and 7 in 4,5-dimethyl-2,6-octadiyne are all connected to triple bonds. None of these atoms is bonded to four groups. Therefore, they cannot be chiral. In other words, out of the eight carbon atoms in this compound, only four of them need to be checked for chirality.

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