Answer:
The theory of Oparin and Haldane was based on the fact that the primitive atmosphere was very different from the current atmosphere, since energy was abundant on the young planet. Both proposed that the appearance of life was preceded by a period they called "chemical evolution."
On the other hand, Miller Urey made an experiment where it was shown that some organic components were formed spontaneously if they were simulating the conditions of the Earth's early atmosphere.
Explanation:
The first hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth were suggested by Oparin and Haldane, who worked independently. Oparin presented his ideas on the origin of life in the year of 1922 by publishing them in the year of 1924. For his part, Haldane published similar ideas in 1929, however, Haldane gave priority to Oparin in the formulation of the theory.
Oparin based his hypotheses using a model he called "coacervates", which are colloidal systems formed by macromolecules that formed in aqueous media and would have evolved to form cells with membranes. According to Oparin, living beings modified the primitive atmosphere and this would have prevented, the formation of life from inorganic substances.
The Miller and Urey experiments helped reinforce the theory that the first way of life was created spontaneously through chemical reactions. However, there are still many scientists who are not convinced.
Democritus said that the atom was just a sphere.
write an equation to represent the oxidation of an alcohol.
identify the reagents that may be used to oxidize a given alcohol.
identify the specific reagent that is used to oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes rather than to carboxylic acids.
identify the product formed from the oxidation of a given alcohol with a specified oxidizing agent.
identify the alcohol needed to prepare a given aldehyde, ketone or carboxylic acid by simple oxidation.
write a mechanism for the oxidation of an alcohol using a chromium(VI) reagent.
The reading mentions that pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) is a milder version of chromic acid that is suitable for converting a primary alcohol into an aldehyde without oxidizing it all the way to a carboxylic acid. This reagent is being replaced in laboratories by Dess‑Martin periodinane (DMP), which has several practical advantages over PCC, such as producing higher yields and requiring less rigorous reaction conditions. DMP is named after Daniel Dess and James Martin, who developed it in 1983.
This page looks at the oxidation of alcohols using acidified sodium or potassium dichromate(VI) solution. This reaction is used to make aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids, and as a way of distinguishing between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.
Oxidizing the different types of alcohols
The oxidizing agent used in these reactions is normally a solution of sodium or potassium dichromate(VI) acidified with dilute sulfuric acid. If oxidation occurs, the orange solution containing the dichromate(VI) ions is reduced to a green solution containing chromium(III) ions. The electron-half-equation for this reaction is
Cr2O2−7+14H++6e−→2Cr3++7H2O
Answer:
See whole explanation to understand
Explanation:
the reason why there is such a large jump from 2nd to 3rd ionization energy for calcium is because to remove the third electron, a larger amount of energy is required, since the shell is closer to the nucleus, and higher attraction exists between them. This is why the second ionization energy is 1125.4 and then the third IE is 4912.4 which is a very big difference. It's all about the elections and energy!!
