Answer:
Using lighter material in car construction, improving energy efficiency by enhancing engine design or replacing the engine with more efficient technologies.
Explanation:
Using lighter materials in the car construction, reducing the potential energy required to accelerate and to move the car, as well as energy losses due to rolling friction. There is evidence of such benefits by replacing steel and aluminium parts with components made of composite materials.
Improving the design of internal combustion engines to minimize energy losses and accordingly, improving energy efficiency. A more radical approach is replacing internal combustion engines with electric engines, which offer higher efficiencies. Such conclusions can be easily inferred from model based on Work-Energy Theorem and Principle of Energy Conservation:
There is no acceleration in the horizontal direction (just g in the vertical), so we can use v = d/t, where v is velocity, d is distance and t is time. We can solve for time like so: t = d/v, we can plug in numbers (v is 39.1m/s completely in the horizontal direction, so no need to break it down with sin's and cos's, just plug it in) and we get t = (16.6m)/(39.1 m/s) = 0.42 s. Keep in mind it wouldn't fall far enough vertically to hit home plate (though we don't know the ball's initial height anyway), but would be in the air just above it. Cheers!
Kinetic energy = (1/2) (mass) x (speed)²
At 7.5 m/s, the object's KE is (1/2) (7.5) (7.5)² = 210.9375 joules
At 11.5 m/s, the object's KE is (1/2) (7.5) (11.5)² = 495.9375 joules
The additional energy needed to speed the object up from 7.5 m/s
to 11.5 m/s is (495.9375 - 210.9375) = <em>285 joules</em>.
That energy has to come from somewhere. Without friction, that's exactly
the amount of work that must be done to the object in order to raise its
speed by that much.
