Force is transferred from the moving ball to the stationary ball.
Answer:
The mass of the cargo is 
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The radius of the spherical balloon is 
The mass of the balloon is
The volume of the spherical balloon is mathematically represented as

substituting values


The total mass the balloon can lift is mathematically represented as

where
is the density of helium with a value of

and
is the density of air with a value of

substituting values


Now the mass of the cargo is mathematically evaluated as


Answer:
- a.

- b.

- c.

Explanation:
The spacetime interval
is given by

please, be aware this is the definition for the signature ( + - - - ), for the signature (- + + + ) the spacetime interval is given by:
.
Lets work with the signature ( + - - - ), and, if needed in the other signature, we can multiply our interval by -1.
<h3>a.</h3>





so


<h3>b.</h3>





so


<h3>c.</h3>





so


It is strong enough to penetrate through flesh but not bone so we can see if there are fractures or breaks in our skeleton