1. Air contains mostly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). It also contains other gases, including carbon dioxide and helium, and v
arious pollutants (both gases and solids). Write a brief explanation about why air is a mixture, whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous, and how it can be separated into its components.
Explanation: Mixture is a composition in which 2 or more substances are present together without making a chemical bond or a chemical compound between them.
Thus Air qualifies itself as mixture because there are several number of gases present in different composition and different proportions. These gases do not combine with each other to form a chemical compound between them.
Homogeneous mixture is the mixture in which the phase of the mixture is just single phase and it is not possible to separate the components. Thus Air is a homogeneous mixture and its component can never be separated because it forms a single phase.
Air is a mixture of gases (and some dust) because the gases (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.) do not combine chemically into other compounds. Just like a mixture of salt & pepper doesn't combine into some other thing.
The mixture is homogenous if it consists only of gases. If dust is mixed in the mixture is heterogeneous (dust is solid matter, gas is gas) A heterogenous mixture is one of different types of matter.
Separating one gas from the other is different for each gas and a complicated matter.
Calcium atoms have smaller radii than potassium atoms since calcium atoms have a greater nuclear charge. Each calcium atom will be closer to the delocalized electrons. Thus, the bonds in calcium will be stronger than that in potassium.
