They believe the distortions happened when two galaxies collided.
Hope This Helps :)
A) 750 m
First of all, let's find the wavelength of the microwave. We have
is the frequency
is the speed of light
So the wavelength of the beam is

Now we can use the formula of the single-slit diffraction to find the radius of aperture of the beam:

where
m = 1 since we are interested only in the central fringe
D = 30 km = 30,000 m
a = 2.0 m is the aperture of the antenna (which corresponds to the width of the slit)
Substituting, we find

and so, the diameter is

B) 0.23 W/m^2
First we calculate the area of the surface of the microwave at a distance of 30 km. Since the diameter of the circle is 750 m, the radius is

So the area is

And since the power is

The average intensity is

This is an interesting (read tricky!) variation of Rydberg Eqn calculation.
Rydberg Eqn: 1/λ = R [1/n1^2 - 1/n2^2]
Where λ is the wavelength of the light; 1282.17 nm = 1282.17×10^-9 m
R is the Rydberg constant: R = 1.09737×10^7 m-1
n2 = 5 (emission)
Hence 1/(1282.17 ×10^-9) = 1.09737× 10^7 [1/n1^2 – 1/25^2]
Some rearranging and collecting up terms:
1 = (1282.17 ×10^-9) (1.09737× 10^7)[1/n2 -1/25]
1= 14.07[1/n^2 – 1/25]
1 =14.07/n^2 – (14.07/25)
14.07n^2 = 1 + 0.5628
n = √(14.07/1.5628) = 3
Potential energy is mass * gravity * height. (m*g*h).
350 = 17*9.8*h <--350 is its energy, 17kg is its mass, and 9.8 is gravity's acceleration on the object. We now just need to solve for h.
h = 350/(17 * 9.8) = 2.1 meters, which, when rounded to the nearest whole meter, is 2 meters.
The shelf is 2 meters high.
Answer:
At a sunny day at the beach, the top of the sand is warm. The radiation from the Sun heats up the surface of the sand, but sand has a low thermal conductivity, so this energy stays at the surface of the sand.