Answer:
Anything in an experiment that remains unchanged.
Explanation:
An example could be the temperature of the laboratory room. If there is something that has an effect on an experiment that is not variable, it is a constant. Another constant could be, say, if you were doing calculations with the same amount and kind of fluid throughout the experiment, then that fluid would also be a constant.
To verify the identity, we can make use of the basic trigonometric identities:
cot θ = cos θ / sin θ
sec θ = 1 / cos <span>θ
csc </span>θ = 1 / sin θ<span>
Using these identities:
</span>cot θ ∙ sec θ = (cos θ / sin θ ) (<span> 1 / cos </span><span>θ)
</span>
We can cancel out cos <span>θ, leaving us with
</span>cot θ ∙ sec θ = 1 / sin θ
cot θ ∙ sec θ = = csc <span>θ</span>
Answer:
30.81°
Explanation:
θ₁ = angle of incidence = 50°
θ₂ = Angle of refraction
n₂ = Refractive index of glass = 1.5
n₁ = Refractive index of air = 1.0003
From Snell's Law
Using Snell's law as:
Angle of refraction= sin⁻¹ 0.5122 = 30.81°.
Answer:
Explanation: The Earth's surface is constantly changing through forces in nature. The daily processes of precipitation, wind and land movement result in changes to landforms over a long period of time. Driving forces include erosion, volcanoes and earthquakes. People also contribute to changes in the appearance of land.
