(E) a greatly increased number of small particles in Earth’s orbit would result in a blanket of reflections that would make certain valuable telescope observations impossible
Explanation:
The trade is one strong reflection for many weak reflections (and more dangerous near-Earth space travel).
None of the answer choices except the last one has anything to do with the effect of exploding a satellite. When you are arguing that exploding a satellite is ill conceived, you need to address specifically the effects of exploding the satellite.