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Sedaia [141]
3 years ago
7

Identify any solutes and solvents present in a mixture of 0.05 mol ethanol, 1 liter water, and 0.2 g hydrogen

Chemistry
1 answer:
Varvara68 [4.7K]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Water is the solvent

Both the ethanol and the hydrogen peroxide are the solute

Explanation:

Both the hydrogen peroxide and ethanol are sisobable in water.

There are 0.05 moles of ethanol.

1 litreof water contains 55.55 moles of water.

0.2 g of hydrogen peroxide contains 0.2/34 = 0.0059 moles of hydrogen peroxide (the 34 is the molar mass of hydrogen peroxide).

Since there are more moles of water, water becomes the solvent and the other two liquids dissolve in it.

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Benzoic acid is a natural fungicide that naturally occurs in many fruits and berries. The sodium salt of benzoic acid, sodium be
AlexFokin [52]

Answer:

a. pH = 2.52

b. pH = 8.67

c. pH = 12.83

Explanation:

The equation of the titration between the benzoic acid and NaOH is:

C₆H₅CO₂H + OH⁻ ⇄ C₆H₅CO₂⁻ + H₂O    (1)

a. To find the pH after the addition of 20.0 mL of NaOH we need to find the number of moles of C₆H₅CO₂H and NaOH:

\eta_{NaOH} = C*V = 0.250 M*0.020 L = 5.00 \cdot 10^{-3} moles

\eta_{C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}H}i = C*V = 0.300 M*0.050 L = 0.015 moles  

From the reaction between the benzoic acid and NaOH we have the following number of moles of benzoic acid remaining:

\eta_{C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}H} = \eta_{C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}H}i - \eta_{NaOH} = 0.015 moles - 5.00 \cdot 10^{-3} moles = 0.01 moles

The concentration of benzoic acid is:

C = \frac{\eta}{V} = \frac{0.01 moles}{(0.020 + 0.050) L} = 0.14 M

Now, from the dissociation equilibrium of benzoic acid we have:

C₆H₅CO₂H + H₂O ⇄ C₆H₅CO₂⁻ + H₃O⁺  

0.14 - x                            x                x

Ka = \frac{[C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}^{-}][H_{3}O^{+}]}{[C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}H]}

Ka = \frac{x*x}{0.14 - x}

6.5 \cdot 10^{-5}*(0.14 - x) - x^{2} = 0   (2)  

By solving equation (2) for x we have:          

x = 0.0030 = [C₆H₅CO₂⁻] = [H₃O⁺]

Finally, the pH is:

pH = -log([H_{3}O^{+}]) = -log (0.0030) = 2.52

b. At the equivalence point, the benzoic acid has been converted to its conjugate base for the reaction with NaOH so, the equilibrium equation is:

C₆H₅CO₂⁻ + H₂O  ⇄  C₆H₅CO₂H + OH⁻     (3)

The number of moles of C₆H₅CO₂⁻ is:

\eta_{C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}^{-}} = \eta_{C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}H}i = 0.015 moles

The volume of NaOH added is:

V = \frac{\eta}{C} = \frac{0.015 moles}{0.250 M} = 0.060 L

The concentration of C₆H₅CO₂⁻ is:

C = \frac{\eta}{V} = \frac{0.015 moles}{(0.060 L + 0.050 L)} = 0.14 M

From the equilibrium of equation (3) we have:

C₆H₅CO₂⁻ + H₂O  ⇄  C₆H₅CO₂H + OH⁻  

0.14 - x                              x               x

Kb = \frac{[C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}H][OH^{-}]}{[C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}^{-}]}

(\frac{Kw}{Ka})*(0.14 - x) - x^{2} = 0

(\frac{1.00 \cdot 10^{-14}}{6.5 \cdot 10^{-5}})*(0.14 - x) - x^{2} = 0

By solving the equation above for x, we have:

x = 4.64x10⁻⁶ = [C₆H₅CO₂H] = [OH⁻]

The pH is:

pOH = -log[OH^{-}] = -log(4.64 \cdot 10^{-6}) = 5.33

pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 5.33 = 8.67

     

c. To find the pH after the addition of 100 mL of NaOH we need to find the number of moles of NaOH:

\eta_{NaOH}i = C*V = 0.250 M*0.100 L = 0.025 moles

From the reaction between the benzoic acid and NaOH we have the following number of moles remaining:                              

\eta_{NaOH} = \eta_{NaOH}i - \eta_{C_{6}H_{5}CO_{2}H} = 0.025 moles - 0.015 moles = 0.010 moles                          

The concentration of NaOH is:

C = \frac{\eta}{V} = \frac{0.010 moles}{0.100 L + 0.050 L} = 0.067 M

Therefore, the pH is given by this excess of NaOH:         

pOH = -log([OH^{-}]) = -log(0.067) = 1.17

pH = 14 - pOH = 12.83

I hope it helps you!    

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