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svet-max [94.6K]
2 years ago
10

What is the chemical composition of bituminous coal?

Chemistry
1 answer:
horsena [70]2 years ago
5 0

Answer: (The composition of a bituminous coal by percentage is roughly: carbon [C], 75–90; hydrogen [H], 4.5–5.5; nitrogen [N], 1–1.5; sulfur [S], 1–2; oxygen[O], 5–20; ash, 2–10; and moisture, 1–10.)

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Given the following thermodynamic data, calculate the lattice energy of LiCl:
tiny-mole [99]

Answer:

\boxed{\text{-862 kJ/mol}}

Explanation:

One way to calculate the lattice energy is to use Hess's Law.

The lattice energy U is the energy released when the gaseous ions combine to form a solid ionic crystal:

Li⁺(g) + Cl⁻(g) ⟶ LiCl(s); U = ?

We must generate this reaction rom the equations given.

(1)  Li(s) + ½Cl₂ (g) ⟶ LiCl(s);      ΔHf°     = -409 kJ·mol⁻¹

(2) Li(s) ⟶ Li(g);                          ΔHsub =    161 kJ·mol⁻¹

(3) Cl₂(g) ⟶ 2Cl(g)                     BE        =   243 kJ·mol⁻¹

(4) Li(g) ⟶Li⁺(g) +e⁻                   IE₁         =   520 kJ·mol⁻¹

(5) Cl(g) + e⁻ ⟶ Cl⁻(g)                EA₁       =  -349 kJ·mol⁻¹

Now, we put these equations together to get the lattice energy.

                                                <u>E/kJ </u> 

(5) Li⁺(g) +e⁻ ⟶ Li(g)                520

(6) Li(g) ⟶ Li(s)                         -161

(7) Li(s) + ½Cl₂(g) ⟶ LiCl(s)     -409

(8) Cl(g) ⟶ ½Cl₂(g)                   -121.5

(9) Cl⁻(g) ⟶ Cl(g) + e⁻               <u>+349</u>

      Li⁺(g) +  Cl⁻(g) ⟶ LiCl(s)     -862

The lattice energy of LiCl is \boxed{\textbf{-862 kJ/mol}}.

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When aluminum oxidizes in air it forms aluminum oxide (al2o3) if a 51 sheet?
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