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goblinko [34]
3 years ago
5

The mass of an object is described in

Chemistry
1 answer:
Ksenya-84 [330]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

D.

The mass of an object is described in grams

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A chemist titrates 190.0 mL of a 0.8125 M ammonia (NH) solution with 0.3733 M HCl solution at 25 °C. Calculate the pH at equival
stealth61 [152]

Answer:

Approximately 4.92.

Explanation:

Initial volume of the solution: V = 190.0\; \rm mL = 0.1900\; \rm L.

Initial quantity of \rm NH_3:

\begin{aligned} n({\rm NH_3}) &= c({\rm NH_3}) \cdot V({\rm NH_3}) \\ &= 0.3733\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1} \times 0.1900\; \rm L \\ &\approx 0.154375\; \rm mol\end{aligned}.

Ammonia \rm NH_3 reacts with hydrochloric \rm HCl acid at a one-to-one ratio:

\rm NH_3 + HCl \to NH_4 Cl.

Hence, approximately n({\rm HCl}) = 0.154375\; \rm mol of \rm HCl\! molecules would be required to exactly react with the \rm NH_3\! in the original solution and hence reach the equivalence point of this titration.

Calculate the volume of that 0.3733\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1} \rm HCl solution required for reaching the equivalence point of this titration:

\begin{aligned}V({\rm HCl}) &= \frac{n({\rm HCl})}{c({\rm HCl})} \\ &\approx \frac{0.154375\; \rm mol}{0.3733\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1}} \approx 0.413541\; \rm L\end{aligned}.

Hence, by the assumption stated in the question, the volume of the solution at the equivalence point would be approximately 0.413541\; \rm L + 0.1900\; \rm L \approx 0.6035\; \rm L.

If no hydrolysis took place, 0.154375\; \rm mol of \rm NH_4 Cl would be produced. Because \rm NH_4 Cl\! is a soluble salt, the solution would contain 0.154375\; \rm mol\! of \rm {NH_4}^{+} ions. The concentration of \rm {NH_4}^{+}\! would be approximately:

\begin{aligned}c({\rm {NH_4}^{+}}) &= \frac{n({\rm {NH_4}^{+}})}{V({\rm {NH_4}^{+}})}\\ &\approx \frac{0.154375\; \rm mol}{0.6035\; \rm L} \approx 0.255782\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1}\end{aligned}.

However, because \rm NH_3 \cdot H_2O is a weak base, its conjugate \rm {NH_4}^{+} would be a weak base.

\begin{aligned}pK_{\rm a}({{\rm NH_4}}^{+}) &= pK_{\rm w} - pK_{\rm b}({\rm NH_3})\\ &\approx 13.99 - 4.75 = 9.25\end{aligned}.

Hence, the following reversible reaction would be take place in the solution at the equivalence point:

\rm {NH_4}^{+} \rightleftharpoons NH_3 + H^{+}.

Let x\; \rm mol \cdot L^{-1} be the increase in the concentration of \rm H^{+} in this solution because of this reversible reaction. (Notice that x \ge 0.) Construct the following \text{RICE} table:

\begin{array}{c|ccccc} \textbf{R}& \rm {\rm NH_4}^{+} & \rightleftharpoons & {\rm NH_3}& + & {\rm H}^{+}\\ \textbf{I} & 0.255782 \; \rm M \\ \textbf{C} & -x \;\rm M & & + x\;\rm M & & + x\; \rm M \\ \textbf{E} & (0.255782 - x)\; \rm M & & x\; \rm M & & x\; \rm M\end{array}.

Thus, at equilibrium:

  • Concentration of the weak acid: [{\rm {NH_4}^{+}}] \approx (0.255782 - x) \; \rm M.
  • Concentration of the conjugate of the weak acid: [{\rm NH_3}] = x\; \rm M.
  • Concentration of \rm H^{+}: [{\rm {H}^{+}}] \approx x\; \rm M.

\displaystyle \frac{[{\rm NH_3}] \cdot [{\rm H^{+}}]}{[{ \rm {NH_4}^{+}}]} = 10^{pK_\text{a}({\rm {NH_4}^{+}})}.

\displaystyle \frac{x^2}{0.255782 - x} \approx 10^{-9.25}

Solve for x. (Notice that the value of x\! is likely to be much smaller than 0.255782. Hence, the denominator on the left-hand side (0.255782 - x) \approx 0.255782.)

x \approx 1.19929 \times 10^{-5}.

Hence, the concentration of \rm H^{+} at the equivalence point of this titration would be approximately 1.19929 \times 10^{-5}\; \rm M.

Hence, the pH at the equivalence point of this titration would be:

\begin{aligned}pH &= -\log_{10}[{\rm {H}^{+}}] \\ &\approx -\log_{10} \left(1.19929 \times 10^{-5}\right) \approx 4.92\end{aligned}.

5 0
3 years ago
Read the information about the halogen family.
Elodia [21]

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Chlorine is a member of the halogen family known as a toxic yellowish green gas. Inhalation of chlorine for a prolonged period of time leads to  pulmonary edema. If a person comes in contact with compressed liquid chlorine the person may experience frostbite of the skin and eyes.

However chlorine is very useful in water disinfection and is preferred in water treatment because it provides residual disinfection of the treated water.

Chlorine gas may be dissolved in NaOH to form oxochlorate I which is used as a bleach in cleaning.

7 0
3 years ago
What is the meaning of barren in this sentence?
JulsSmile [24]

Having little vegetation

Dry and lifeless

Completely empty

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
What is the percentage yield of O2 if 12.3 g of KClO3 (molar mass 123 g) is decomposed to produce 3.2 g of O2 (molar mass 32 g)
My name is Ann [436]

Answer:

The percentage yield of O2 is 66.7%

Explanation:

Reaction for decomposition of potassium chlorate is:

2KClO₃ →  2KCl  +  3O₂

The products are potassium chloride and oxygen.

Let's find out the moles of chlorate.

Mass / Molar mass = Moles

12.3 g / 123 g/mol = 0.1 mol

So ratio is 2:3, 2 moles of chlorate produce 3 mol of oxygen.

Then, 0.1 mol of chlorate may produce (0.1  .3)/ 2 = 0.15 moles

Let's convert the moles of produced oxygen, as to find out the theoretical yield.

0.15 mol . 32 g/ 1mol = 4.8 g

To calculate the percentage yield, the formula is

(Produced Yield / Theoretical yield) . 100 =

(3.2g / 4.8g) . 100 = 66.7 %

8 0
3 years ago
Convection currents are caused by differences in what 2 things?
andreev551 [17]
Energy and the nature of the current
8 0
3 years ago
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