Answer:
option (a)
Explanation:
To make a galvanometer into voltmeter, we have to connect a high resistance in series combination.
The voltmeter is connected in parallel combination with teh resistor to find the voltage drop across it.
An ideal voltmeter has very high resistance that means it has a resistance as infinity.
The capacitance is defined as the maximum charge stored in a capacitor, Q, divided by the voltage applied, V:

The capacitor is initially charged with the battery of 108 V, so the the initial charge on the capacitor can be found by re-arranging the previous formula:
Answer:
n=2.053
Explanation:
We will use Snell's Law defined as:

Where n values are indexes of refraction and
values are the angles in each medium. For vacuum, the index of refraction in n=1. With this we have enough information to state:

Solving for
yields:

Remember to use degrees for trigonometric functions instead of radians!
Answer:
Heat capacity, Q = 781.74 Joules
Explanation:
Given the following data;
Mass = 12g
Initial temperature = 28.3°C
Final temperature = 43.87°C
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184J/g°C
To find the quantity of heat needed?
Heat capacity is given by the formula;
Where;
Q represents the heat capacity or quantity of heat.
m represents the mass of an object.
c represents the specific heat capacity of water.
dt represents the change in temperature.
dt = T2 - T1
dt = 43.87 - 28.3
dt = 15.57°C
Substituting into the equation, we have;
Q = 781.74 Joules