Richter Scale.
Hope this helps!
I believe the answer is orbital hybridization theory
Characteristics of pea plants are determined by genes inherited from both the parents.
Option 4.
<h3><u>Explanation:</u></h3>
Gregor Johann Mendel is also called as the father of Genetics. Mendel experimented on the pea plants to determine what happens when different types of pea plants are crossed between themselves and what actually determines the characteristics of the pea plants. After two types of experiments, he came to a conclusion that there are certain substances which he named as '' factors'' which are actually inherited from the parents. He also told that there are certain type of factors which are dominant over the others which he termed as recessive factors. So, the characteristics of the progenies depend on both the factors inherited from both the parents.
Explanation:
(1). It is known that in a reaction equation, reactants are placed or written on left hand side and products are written on the right hand side.
For example, 
Hence, in a reaction equation you start with the reactants and end up with the products.
(2). The number of atoms in a reaction will remain the same because according to the law of conservation of mass, mass of reactants will be equal to the mass of products.
Therefore, number of atoms on the reactant side will be equal to the number of atoms on product side.