Solution
Let a cell of emf E be connected across the entire length L of a potentiometer wire . Now , if the balance point is obtained at a length l during measurement of an unknown voltage
.
The balance point is not on the potentiometer wire - this statement means that
. In that case ,
l > L
V > E
The formula for force exerted on/by a spring is
F = k*e where k is the spring constant and x is the distance stretched from
unstrained position. This should allow you to find what you need.
Using F = k x e,
where k is the spring constant,
and e is the extension,
The F is her weight = 45 X 0.80
= 36 N
Based on the equation KE = 1/2(m)(v^2), Kinetic Energy can be measured based on velocity. If an object has a large velocity, it have a larger kinetic energy than if the velocity is small.
Hope this helps.
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The total amount of energy stored in the particles of an object is called its internal energy. The internal energy of an object is made up of the kinetic energy due to the random motion of the particles and the potential energy due to the interactive forces among the particles.
The change in potential energy of an object is given by

where
m is the mass of the object
g is the gravitational acceleration

is the increase in altitude of the object
In our problem,

is the mass of the book,

and

is the increase in altitude of the book, so its variation of potential energy is