Dilution refers to decreasing the ratio of total solution to the reference solution by the addition of other liquids. By adding water to tomato soup, the balance of “tomato soup” molecules decreases from 100% tomato soup, to eventually 1:1 TS and Water (50%), and so on. Chemically, you can observe this as decreasing the concentration of tomato soup in this solution.
Let us assume that there is a 100g sample of Opal. The masses of each element will be:
29.2g Si
33.3g O
37.5g H2O
Now we divide each constituent's mass by its Mr to get the moles present
Si: (29.2 / 28) = 1.04
O: (33.3 / 16) = 2.08
H2O: (37.5 / 18) = 2.08
Now we divide by the smallest number and obtain:
Si: 1
O: 2
H2O: 2
Thus, the empirical formula of Opal is:
SiO2 . 2H2O
Answer: It takes 3.120 seconds for the concentration of A to decrease from 0.860 M to 0.260 M.
Explanation:
Integrated rate law for second order kinetics is given by:
k = rate constant = 
= initial concentration = 0.860 M
a= concentration left after time t = 0.260 M
Thus it takes 3.120 seconds for the concentration of A to decrease from 0.860 M to 0.260 M.
Tons of wind, rain, thunder. Stuff like that.
