The input and output signals of a system is related by the following equation: fraction numerator d squared y over denominator d
1 answer:
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Answer:
X1= 41%
heat transfer = -3450.676 KJ
Explanation:
To get the properties for pure substance in a system we need to know at least to properties. These are usually pressure and temperature because they’re easy to measure. In this case we know the initial pressure (20 bar) which is not enough to get all the properties, but they ask to determine quality, this a property that just have meaning in the two-phase region (equilibrium) so with this information we can get the temperature of the system and all its properties.
There is another property that we can calculate from the data. This is the specific volume. This is defined as . We know the mass (12 Kg) and we can assume the volume is the volume of the tank (0.5
) because they say that the tank was filled.
With this we get a specific volume of
Specific volume =
From the thermodynamic tables we can get the data for the saturated region with a pressure of 20 bar.
Temperature of saturation = 212.385 °C
Specific volume for the saturated steam (vg) = 0.0995805
The quality is 41%
To calculate the heat transfer we use the next equation.
Q = m * Cp * delta T
Where
Q = heat transfer (Joules, J)
m= mass of the substance (g)
Cp = specific heat (J/g*K) from tables
Delta T = change in temperature in K for this equation.
The mass of the substance is 12 kg or 12000 g for this equation
Cp from tables is 4,1813 J/g*K. You can find this value for water in different states. Here we are using the value for liquid water.
For delta T, we know the initial temperature 212.385 °C.
We also know that the system was cooled. Since we don’t have more information, we can assume that the system was cooled until a condition where all the steam condensates so now we have a saturated liquid. Since we know the pressure (4 bar), we can get the temperature of saturation for this condition from the thermodynamics tables. This is 143.613 °C, so this is the final temperature for the system.
T(K) = T°C +273
T1(K) = 212.385 + 273.15 = 485.535 K
T2 (K) = 143.613 +273.15= 416.763 K
Delta T (K) = (T2-T1) =416.763 K - 485.535 K = -68.772 K
Now we can calculate Q
Q = 12000g * 4,1813 J/g*K* (-68.772 K) = -3450676.36 J or -3450.676 KJ
Is negative because the heat is transfer from the water to the surroundings
Answer:
See detailed explanation and image attached
Explanation:
1 mole of 1-pentanol reacts with 1 mole of benzhydrol
Number of moles in 1.5 g of benzhydrol = mass/molar mass = 1.5 g/184 g/mol = 0.008 moles of benzhydrol
x moles of 1-pentanol reacts with 0.008 moles of benzhydrol
x = 0.008 moles of 1-pentanol
If 1 mole occupies 22.4 L
0.008 moles occupies 22.4 * 0.008 moles = 0.179 L of 1-pentanol is required.
The mechanism of the formation of n-pentyl benzhydryl ether involves the protonation of the -OH group in benzhydrol. This is followed by loss of water molecule creating a carbocation which is attacked by the 1-pentanol. Abstraction of a proton by a base completes the mechanism, regenerates the acid and yields the n-pentyl benzhydryl ether as shown in the image attached.
The synthesis of diethyl ether occurs by protonation of one ethanol molecule followed by SN2 attack by anothe ethanol molecule and a simultaneous loss of a water molecule. Deprotonation by a base yields the diethyl ether
