Time period of any moon of Jupiter is given by

from above formula we can say that mass of Jupiter is given by

now for part a)

T = 1.77 day = 152928 seconds
now by above formula



Part B)

T = 3.55 day = 306720 seconds
now by above formula



Part c)

T = 7.16 day = 618624 seconds
now by above formula



PART D)

T = 16.7 day = 1442880 seconds
now by above formula



Flow of electrons through a copper wire
Hubble time in cosmology means the estimated age of the universe and the best calculation for it is T=1/H, where H is the Hubble constant
You are correct. Mountains are part of the lithosphere.