Any buffer exists in this equilibrium
HA <=>

In a buffer, there is a large reservoir of both the undissociated acid (HA) and its conjugate base (

)
When a strong acid is added, it reacts with the large reservoir of the conjugate base (

) forming a salt and water. Since this large reservoir of the conjugate base is used, the ph does not alter drastically, but instead resist the pH change.
Answer: Ammonia, an alkaline chemical, is used to raise the pH level (it's levels of acidity) of our hair during the colouring process. This then lifts the cuticles of the hair fibre and allows the colour to be deposited onto the cortex (the inner part of the hair protected by the cuticles). In hair coloring products, ammonium hydroxide is used to support the lightening action of hydrogen peroxide and to prepare hair to accept color pigments. Alkaline properties of ammonia raise the cuticle and allow peroxide and dye molecules to penetrate the hair shaft. (creds to the internet)
Explanation: Hope this helps! :D
B.
Spring tides occur during a new/full moon. The sun, moon and earth form a straight line during these phases.