Earth's protective magnetic bubble, called the magnetosphere, deflects most solar particles, but in the absence of atmospheric layer, Polyethylene is a good shielding material because it has high hydrogen content, and hydrogen atoms are good at absorbing and dispersing radiation.
The Earth’s atmospheres are kept in place by gravity. The air near the ground is pulled on by gravity and compressed by the air higher in the sky. This causes the air near the ground to be denser and creating different layers with different qualities in which are the atmosphere.
Average acceleration is Change in Velocity/change in time So you could then do Vf-Vi/Tf-Ti Which would look like 13m/s-6m/s / 1s-0s Which then is 7m/s/1s which means the acceleration is 7m/s^2
