Earth's atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.03% carbon dioxide with very small percentages of other elements. Our atmosphere also contains water vapor. In addition, Earth's atmosphere contains traces of dust particles, pollen, plant grains and other solid particles.
Answer:
Acids have a pH less than 7. Acids contain lots of hydrogen ions
Alkalis have a pH greater than 7. Alkalis contain lots of hydroxide ions
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Answer:
1.2 × 10⁴ cal
Explanation:
Given data
- Initial temperature: 80 °C
We can calculate the heat released by the water (
) when it cools using the following expression.
where
c is the specific heat capacity of water (1 cal/g.°C)
According to the law of conservation of energy, the sum of the heat released by the water () and the heat absorbed by the reaction (
) is zero.
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Tundra soils are formed at high latitudes which leaves the tundra always very cold. Tundra soils are generally frozen, and are classifed as Gelisols (this means that permafrost are within 100 cm of the soil surface). These permafrost are as a result of the freezing by winter of the underground water that was accumulated in summer. These soils freeze and thaw alot and as result of that, moisture do not permeate the soil easily. Also, due to this harsh temperature and underground permafrost, most organisms that died in the tundra are preserved within the soil.
