Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
The essence of chemical bonding is in order to attain minimum energy. The minimum energy state is the most stable state of a chemical system.
As the distance of separation between atoms decreases, the potential energy of the system decreases accordingly.
An optimum distance is reached when the two atoms attain the lowest potential energy. This is designated as the bond distance of the two atoms.
Hence two atoms have lower potential energy when bonded than when separated at large distance.
Good laboratory technique demands clean glassware because the most carefully executed piece of work may give an erroneous result if dirty glassware is used. In all instances, glassware must be physically and chemically clean and in many cases, it must be bacteriologic-ally clean or sterile.
A covalent bond? Not sure how much detail you want, sorry
John Dalton was a scientist who proposed that all matter consists of atoms. At this stage, no one had yet discovered neutrons and the nucleus. As a result, Dalton's model consisted of a single atom i.e. the atom was the smallest object.
A mass spectrometer is an instrument that is able to see what is inside an atom. Scientists have been able to prove that the item is not the smallest object in the world. Atoms are made up of smaller objects called protons, neutrons and electrons.
We can, therefore, safely conclude that data from mass spectrometry has helped modern scientists to make modifications to Dalton's model. <span>
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Answer:
Temperature gradient = 30
90F - 60F = 30F
The temperature gradient is 30F.
If I am right, let me know.
