Answer:
all the details are in the attached picture, the answers are marked with colour.
Potential energy is defined by formula

here
m = mass
g = acceleration due to gravity
h = height
Now here two different stones are located at same height
while mass of stone A is twice that of stone B
so here we can say potential energy of A is

Similarly potential energy of B is

now if we take the ratio of two energy

so we can say potential energy of stone A is two times the potential energy of B
Answer:
the spring constant k = 
the value for the damping constant 
Explanation:
From Hooke's Law

Thus; the spring constant k = 
The amplitude is decreasing 37% during one period of the motion


Therefore; the value for the damping constant 
Answer:
Explanation:
As a skydiver falls, he accelerates downwards, gaining speed with each second. The increase in speed is accompanied by an increase in air resistance. This force of air resistance counters the force of gravity.