Answer:The product formed on reaction with hydroxide ion as nucleophile is 2R-hexane-2-ol.
The product formed on reaction with water would be a 50:50 mixture of
2S-hexane-2-ol. and 2R-hexane-2-ol.
Explanation:
2S-iodohexane on reactiong with hydroxide ion would undergo SN² substitution reaction that is substitution bimolecular. Hydroxide ion has a negative charge and hence it is a quite good nucleophile .
The rate of a SN² reaction depends on both the substrate and nucleophile . Here the substrate is a secondary carbon center having Iodine as a leaving group.SN² reaction takes place here as hydroxide ion is a good nucleophile and it can attack the secondary carbon center from the back side leading to the formation of 2R-hexane-2-ol.
In a SN² reaction since the the nucleophile attacks from the back-side so the product formation takes place with the inversion of configuration.
When the same substrate S-2-iodohexane undergoes a substitution reaction with water as a nucleophile then the reaction occurs through (SN¹) substitution nucleophilic unimolecular mechanism .
The rate of a SN¹ reaction depends only on the nature of substrate and is independent of the nature of nucleophile.
The SN¹ reaction is a 2 step reaction , in the first step leaving group leaves leading to the formation of a carbocation and once the carbocation is formed then any weaker nucleophile or even solvent molecules can attack leading the formation of products.
In this case a secondary carbocation would be generated in the first step and then water will attack this carbocation to form the product in the second step.
The product formed on using water as a nucleophile would be a racemic mixture of R and S isomers of hexane -2-ol in 50:50 ratio. The two products formed would be 2R-hexane-2-ol and 2S-hexane-2-ol.
Kindly refer the attachment for reaction mechanism and structure of products.
Answer:
a) Keq = 4.5x10^-6
b) [oxaloacetate] = 9x10^-9 M
c) 23 oxaloacetate molecules
Explanation:
a) In the standard state we have to:
ΔGo = -R*T*ln(Keq) (eq.1)
ΔGo = 30.5 kJ/moles = 30500 J/moles
R = 8.314 J*K^-1*moles^-1
Clearing Keq:
Keq = e^(ΔGo/-R*T) = e^(30500/(-8.314*298)) = 4.5x10^-6
b) Keq = ([oxaloacetate]*[NADH])/([L-malate]*[NAD+])
4.5x10^-6 = ([oxaloacetate]/(0.20*10)
Clearing [oxaloacetate]:
[oxaloacetate] = 9x10^-9 M
c) the radius of the mitochondria is equal to:
r = 10^-5 dm
The volume of the mitochondria is:
V = (4/3)*pi*r^3 = (4/3)*pi*(10^-15)^3 = 4.18x10^-42 L
1 L of mitochondria contains 9x10^-9 M of oxaloacetate
Thus, 4.18x10^-42 L of mitochondria contains:
molecules of oxaloacetate = 4.18x10^-42 * 9x10^-9 * 6.023x10^23 = 2.27x10^-26 = 23 oxaloacetate molecules
Answer:
Kf = 1.11x10¹³
Explanation:
The value of Kf for a multistep process that involves an equilibrium at each step, is the multiplication of the constant of the equilibrium of each step.
Kf = K1xK2xK3xK4
Kf = 1.90x10⁴ x 3.90x10³ x 1.00x10³ x 1.50x10²
Kf = 1.11x10¹³
Answer:
1. Removing them to an area of fresh air. This helps to prevents further poisoning by the carbon monoxide and increase the amount of oxygen entering into the body. This will help to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide binding oxygen
2. Administering pure oxygen goes a long way to enhance ventilation and increase the oxygen saturation to 100%. This will help to overcome the effect of the carbon monoxide and promote more hemoglobin binding
1) Reaction:
Mg(s) + 2HCl (aq) ----> H2(g) + MgCl2(aq)
2) Analysis
An increase in pressure affects directly the rate of reaction involving reactiong gases. Changing the pressure where there are only solids or liquids does not affect the rate of reaction.
This reaction is not an equilibrium, the reaction is only forward. So, the reacting components, Mg(s) and HCl(aq) are a solid and a liquid.
Therefore, the reaction is not affected by the change in pressure.
Answer: the reaction is not affected at all.
