<span>step 1: energy required to heat coffee
E = m Cp dT
E = energy to heat coffee
m = mass coffee = 225 mL x (0.997 g / mL) = 224g
Cp = heat capacity of coffee = 4.184 J / gK
dT = change in temp of coffee = 62.0 - 25.0 C = 37.0 C
E = (224 g) x (4.184 J / gK) x (37.0 C) = 3.46x10^4 J
step2: find energy of a single photon of the radiation
E = hc / λ
E = energy of the photon
h = planck's constant = 6.626x10^-34 J s
c = speed of light = 3.00x10^8 m/s
λ = wavelength = 11.2 cm = 11.2 cm x (1m / 100 cm) = 0.112 m
E = (6.626x10^-34 J s) x (3.00x10^8 m/s) / (0.112 m) = 1.77x10^-16 J
step3: Number of photons
3.46x10^4 J x ( 1 photon / 1.77x10^-16 J) = 1.95x10^20 photons</span>
Answer:
(a) Time t = 16.46 sec
(b) Time t =13.466 sec
(c) Deceleration = 
Explanation:
(a) As the train starts from rest its initial velocity u = 0 m/sec
Acceleration 
Final speed v = 80 km/hr
From first equation of motion v =u+at
So 
(b) Now initial speed u = 22.22 m/sec
As finally train comes to rest so final speed v=0 m/sec
Deceleration 
So 
(c) We have given that initial velocity = 80 km/hr = 22.22 m/sec
Final velocity v = 0 m/sec
Time t = 8.30 sec
So acceleration is given by
As acceleration is negative so it is a deceleration
The third option seems correct. Using any bag more than once will help in decreasing the carbon foot print.
This isds beause, if you use paper bag once only, then paper bag is being utilised and more and more paper is being used. So the best way is to use the bag more than once, whichever bag u are using.
