It was the English chemist, John Dalton, who put the pieces of the puzzle together and developed an atomic theory in 1803. Dalton 's atomic theory<span> contains five basic assumptions:
- All matter consists of tiny particles called </span>atoms<span>.
</span>- Atoms are indestructible and unchangeable.- Elements are characterized by the weight of their atoms.
- In chemical reactions, atoms combine in small, whole-number ratios.
- When elements react, their atoms may combine in more than one whole-number ratio.
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Answer:
CO3^2- has the weakest C-O bond
Explanation:
Hybridization is a valence bond concept that has to do with the mixing of atomic orbitals to give hybrid atomic orbitals suitable for overlapping with orbitals of other atoms to form molecules. The hybridization of the carbon atom in CO, CO2 and CO3^2- are; sp, sp and sp2. This implies that there must be pi bonding in each of the species since sp and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms are known to lead to molecules possessing pi bonds.
In CO2, carbon in sp hybridized state is bonded to two oxygen atoms in sp2 hybridized state leading to a double bond between carbon and each oxygen atom. In CO, the carbon atom is sp hybridized while the oxygen atom is sp2 hybridized. CO3^2- contains an sp2 hybrized carbon atom in a trigonal planar geometry.
The relative bond lengths of the C-O bond in CO2, CO and CO3^2- is 116 pm, 112.8 pm and 136pm. Hence CO3^2- has the longest bond length. Remember that bond length is inversely proportional to the bond order. That is, the shorter the bond length, the greater the bond order. This implies that CO will have the greatest bond order because it shows the shortest bond length. It turns out that CO has a bond order of 3, CO2 has a bond order of 2 and CO3^2- has a bond order of 1.33. This is intermediate between the bond order of single and that of double C-O bond hence CO3^2- is represented using resonance structures.
The species with the longest C-O bond length also has the weakest C-O bond hence CO3^2- has the weakest C-O bond.
Explanation:
A distilled water is the correct anwser
Answers:
7. Pistil
8. Stamen
9. Anther
10. Petals
11. Ovary, ovules
Given what we know, the tool in question that will help the student collect data regarding the transfer of kinetic energy between water and ice would be a thermometer.
<h3>How does the thermometer measure kinetic energy?</h3>
It does not do so directly. However, kinetic energy in water molecules is reflected in the temperature of the water. When water molecules increase their kinetic energy and move more, they become hotter. Increased or decreased heat is an indirect way to measure the transfer of kinetic energy in water.
Therefore, given that the temperature of the water is a reflection of the transfer of kinetic energy happening, we can confirm that the tool that will help the student collect the data needed is a thermometer.
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