The molarity remains the same so the ratio does not change
it allows only a reduced number of electrons to flow through it.
When it comes to optics, Snell's law is the basic formula to be used. If you notice, when light hits the water, the light does not travel in the same direction. After, it hits the water, it changes in angle. Light becomes refracted. This is observed when your hands tend to become bigger if you place it underwater. The formula for Snell's Law is
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂sin θ₂, where n is the index of refraction. This depends on the type of medium. For example, for air, n=1. The parameters θ₁ is the angle of incidence, and θ₂ is the angle of refraction. Critical angle is the incident angle needed so that the refract angle is 90°. So, modifying the equation:
n₁ sin θcrit = n₂sin 90°, since sin 90°=1,
sin θcrit = n₂/n₁
θcrit = sin ⁻¹ (n₂/n₁)
Since liquid comes first before glass, n₁=1.75 and n₂=1.52. Substituting,
θcrit = sin ⁻¹ (1.52/1.75)
θcrit = 60.29°
Explanation:
Water does expand with heat (and contract with cooling), but the amount of expansion is pretty small. So when you boil a can filled with water and seal it, the water will contract slightly as it cools. The can may kink slightly, but that will be it. Actually, most likely the only things you will be able to see is then top and bottom will be sucked in and go concave. Just like a commercial can of beans.
Now if you have a can with a little water and a big air space, things are completely different.
As the water boils, water vapour is given off. Steam. Let it boils for a minute just to make sure (nearly) all the air is expelled and the can is filled with steam.
Now when you put the lid on and cool the can, that steam condenses back to water, and goes from filling the can to a few drops of water. The can is now filled (if that is the right word) with a near vacuum, The air pressure, 15 lbs/square inch, will be pressing on every surface of the can, with nothing inside the can to resist it.
The can will crumple before your eyes.
