In general oxidation is defined as gain of oxygen or loss of electron or hydrogen by an atom. Reduction is defined as gain of electron or hydrogen or loss of oxygen by an atom.
In a balanced redox reaction we have two half reactions
a) reduction half reaction : the oxidation number of element decreases
b) oxidation half reaction : the oxidation number of element increases
The element undergoing reduction is Pd.
the oxidation number of Pd decreases from +2 to 0
Thus the reduction half reaction will be
The Pd (II) ion will take two electrons and will give Pd (0)
Answer is
Answer: It will take 6.93 sec for tracer concentration to drop by 50% and 13.9 sec for tracer concentration to drop by 75%
Explanation:
Expression for rate law for first order kinetics is given by:
where,
k = rate constant =
t = age of sample
a = let initial amount of the reactant = 100 g
a - x = amount left after decay process
a) for tracer concentration to drop by 50%
a - x = amount left after decay process
= 50
It will take 6.93 sec for tracer concentration to drop by 50%
b) for tracer concentration to drop by 75 %
a - x = amount left after decay process
= 25
It will take 13.9 sec for tracer concentration to drop by 75%.
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Answer:
Speciation can be driven by evolution, which is a process that results in the accumulation of many small genetic changes called mutations in a population over a long period of time. ... Natural selection can result in organisms that are more likely to survive and reproduce and may eventually lead to speciation.
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