D) Scientific laws do not account for unseen variations, like wind
Explanation:
Will model in predicting the path of an arrow he was about to shoot failed because scientific laws most times do not account for unseen variations like wind.
Scientific laws are the description of an observed phenomenon in nature.
- Most scientific laws have exceptions.
- Exceptions in scientific laws are conditions in which the law will not hold true.
- There are exceptions to newton's law of motion which Will did not take into account.
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Explanation:
Given that,
Electrostatic force, 
Distance, 
(a)
, q is the charge on the ion


(b) Let n is the number of electrons are missing from each ion. It can be calculated as :


n = 2
Hence, this is the required solution.
Potential energy is the answer
From the geometry of the problem, the 20 m-long cable creates
the hypotenuse of a right triangle, with the extended of the other two sides of
size 20 m * cos(30 deg), which is around 17.3 m. Therefore, the ball has increased
by 20 m - 17.3 m = 2.7 m.
The potential energy will have altered by m*g*h, which is 1400 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 *
1.6 m , or about 37044 joules.