The buffer range is the pH range in which the buffer performs optimally, i.e., neutralizes even when a strong acid or base is introduced to it and resists any major change in its pH value.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added before the pH of the buffer solution changes significantly.
Thus, the final statement becomes,
Buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base a buffer can handle before pushing the pH value outside of the buffer range.
I believe the correct answer from the choices listed above is the second option. The expression (6.0 x 104) (3.1 x 10-1) is equal to 1.9 x 10^4. We only have two significant figures from the starting expression that is why we rounded of the product from 1.86 to 1.9.
