Answer to this is O-atom.
Explanation: The Bronsted acid-base theory is the backbone of chemistry. This theory focuses mainly on acids and bases acting as proton donors or proton acceptors.
where
is the Lewis Acid and
is the Lewis Base and
is the Covalent Bond.
Reaction of dissociation of
in
is given as:

In this reaction O-atom has lone pair in water and therefore it accepts the proton from
forming a Lewis Base.
My guess would be "B) they were produced by volcanoes" because hawaii has a bunch of volcanoes and volcanoes can produce extra land. While the other answers wouldn't make sense. Definitely B.
The answer is C as enzymes are biological catalysts that act on a substrate such as starch if the enzyme were amylase
hope that helps
6.022 x 10 23 titanium atoms
In 47.88 grams of titanium, there is one mole, or 6.022 x 1023 titanium atoms.
Hope this helps :)