Answer:
Earth has a smaller mass than the Sun, but it is much closer to you than the Sun, allowing for a stronger force of attraction.
Explanation:
Earth is smaller than the Sun, but since you are very close to Earth and far away from the sun, the earth's gravity has more effect on you.
Answer:
A person would look like an ant if a human was standing next to Venus
Explanation:
Index of refraction can be calculated using the following formula:

where
in a vacuum and "n" is the index of refraction. So we must calculate our velocity by manipulating the index of refraction formula and isolate v and so:

We could go one by one and calculate the velocity or use logic. If you divide by a larger number the output will be a smaller number. Therefore, the answer would be n=1.62 is the slowest.

By that logic when n=1 light would travel the fastest of these four scenarios. The key thing to understand about these problems is that the speed of light slows down as it goes through a medium, in a vacuum it's 3 x 10^ 8 m/s but as it goes through say air or water light slows down.
You’re correct, it’s gravity