Answer:

Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Pressure of 
Bottle cap area 
Generally the equation for Resultant pressure
is give as is mathematically given by

Where



Generally the equation for Force exerted by screw F is give as is mathematically given by


Answer:
a

b

c
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The angle of incidence is 
The refractive index of water is 
Generally Snell's law is mathematically represented as

Here
is the refractive index of air with value 
is the angle of refraction
So
![\theta _2 = sin^{-1}[\frac{n_1 * sin(\theta _1)}{n_2} ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctheta%20_2%20%20%3D%20%20sin%5E%7B-1%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7Bn_1%20%2A%20sin%28%5Ctheta%20_1%29%7D%7Bn_2%7D%20%5D)
=> ![\theta _2 = sin^{-1}[\frac{1.3 * sin(10)}{1} ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctheta%20_2%20%20%3D%20%20sin%5E%7B-1%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7B1.3%20%2A%20sin%2810%29%7D%7B1%7D%20%5D)
=> 
Given that the angle should not be greater than
then the angle of incidence will be
![\theta _1 = sin^{-1}[\frac{n_2 * sin(\theta _2)}{n_1} ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctheta%20_1%20%20%3D%20%20sin%5E%7B-1%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7Bn_2%20%2A%20sin%28%5Ctheta%20_2%29%7D%7Bn_1%7D%20%5D)
=> ![\theta _1 = sin^{-1}[\frac{1 * sin(45)}{1.3} ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctheta%20_1%20%20%3D%20%20sin%5E%7B-1%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7B1%20%2A%20sin%2845%29%7D%7B1.3%7D%20%5D)
=> 
Generally for critical angle is mathematically represented as
![\theta_c = sin^{-1}[\frac{n_2}{n_1} ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctheta_c%20%20%3D%20%20sin%5E%7B-1%7D%5B%5Cfrac%7Bn_2%7D%7Bn_1%7D%20%5D)
=>
=>
Answer:
hope this helped you
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