At first, atoms were considered to be very simple and indivisible. People form ancient times knew only of water, earth, fire, and air, not what constitutes them or how they work specifically. Now, there are 118 elements and all atoms are proven to consist of neutrons, protons, and electrons, and that's just the beginning of it.
Dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion interactions
The answer is b because 46-44 = positive 2.
