Answer:
According to Hund's rule and the Aufbau principle in which the orbitals must be filled with electrons, they are not strictly applied in the real universe, because the intermediate and electron-filled atomic orbitals are very stable . Because there are four d-orbitals in universe L, a typical half-full configuration will be xd4 and its full configuration will be xd8, where x is the primary orbital for any specific element. Here is an example:
Vahadium ₂₃V
in real universe: [Ar]₈ 3d³4s²
in universe L: [Ar]₁₈ 3d⁴4s¹
Chromium
in real universe: [Ar]₈ 3d⁵4s¹
in universe L: [Ar]₁₈ 3d⁴4s²
Explanation:
When something radiates, it sends out waves or rays. ... If your house has a radiator, that might help you remember this word, because the radiator radiates warmth. Radiating is a concept that applies to anything that emits rays or waves. People camping make a fire so it can radiate light and heat.
<span>If energy is released, the reaction is exothermic. If energy is absorbed, the reaction is endothermic. Since heat is being absorbed in this reaction (to break down H2O into H2 and O), the reaction is endothermic.</span>
Answer:
(b) IE₂ of Ga > IE₂ of Ge
Explanation:
Electronic configuration of Ga is [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s²4p¹
Electronic configuration of Ge is [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s²4p²
After 1st ionisation , Ga becomes [Ar] 3d¹⁰4s² and becomes stable . Its
2 nd ionisation requires higher amount of ionisation energy. In case of Ge , there are 2 electrons in outermost orbital so it becomes stable after ionisation of 2 electrons.
