Answer:
is a mutiply choice answer just to be specific
Explanation:
Answer:
You can find in the given attachemnet
a) before addition of any KOH :
when we use the Ka equation & Ka = 4 x 10^-8 :
Ka = [H+]^2 / [ HCIO]
by substitution:
4 x 10^-8 = [H+]^2 / 0.21
[H+]^2 = (4 x 10^-8) * 0.21
= 8.4 x 10^-9
[H+] = √(8.4 x 10^-9)
= 9.2 x 10^-5 M
when PH = -㏒[H+]
PH = -㏒(9.2 x 10^-5)
= 4
b)After addition of 25 mL of KOH: this produces a buffer solution
So, we will use Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to get PH:
PH = Pka +㏒[Salt]/[acid]
first, we have to get moles of HCIO= molarity * volume
=0.21M * 0.05L
= 0.0105 moles
then, moles of KOH = molarity * volume
= 0.21 * 0.025
=0.00525 moles
∴moles HCIO remaining = 0.0105 - 0.00525 = 0.00525
and when the total volume is = 0.05 L + 0.025 L = 0.075 L
So the molarity of HCIO = moles HCIO remaining / total volume
= 0.00525 / 0.075
=0.07 M
and molarity of KCIO = moles KCIO / total volume
= 0.00525 / 0.075
= 0.07 M
and when Ka = 4 x 10^-8
∴Pka =-㏒Ka
= -㏒(4 x 10^-8)
= 7.4
by substitution in H-H equation:
PH = 7.4 + ㏒(0.07/0.07)
∴PH = 7.4
c) after addition of 35 mL of KOH:
we will use the H-H equation again as we have a buffer solution:
PH = Pka + ㏒[salt/acid]
first, we have to get moles HCIO = molarity * volume
= 0.21 M * 0.05L
= 0.0105 moles
then moles KOH = molarity * volume
= 0.22 M* 0.035 L
=0.0077 moles
∴ moles of HCIO remaining = 0.0105 - 0.0077= 8 x 10^-5
when the total volume = 0.05L + 0.035L = 0.085 L
∴ the molarity of HCIO = moles HCIO remaining / total volume
= 8 x 10^-5 / 0.085
= 9.4 x 10^-4 M
and the molarity of KCIO = moles KCIO / total volume
= 0.0077M / 0.085L
= 0.09 M
by substitution:
PH = 7.4 + ㏒( 0.09 /9.4 x 10^-4)
∴PH = 8.38
D)After addition of 50 mL:
from the above solutions, we can see that 0.0105 mol HCIO reacting with 0.0105 mol KOH to produce 0.0105 mol KCIO which dissolve in 0.1 L (0.5L+0.5L) of the solution.
the molarity of KCIO = moles KCIO / total volume
= 0.0105mol / 0.1 L
= 0.105 M
when Ka = KW / Kb
∴Kb = 1 x 10^-14 / 4 x 10^-8
= 2.5 x 10^-7
by using Kb expression:
Kb = [CIO-] [OH-] / [KCIO]
when [CIO-] =[OH-] so we can substitute by [OH-] instead of [CIO-]
Kb = [OH-]^2 / [KCIO]
2.5 x 10^-7 = [OH-]^2 /0.105
∴[OH-] = 0.00016 M
POH = -㏒[OH-]
∴POH = -㏒0.00016
= 3.8
∴PH = 14- POH
=14 - 3.8
PH = 10.2
e) after addition 60 mL of KOH:
when KOH neutralized all the HCIO so, to get the molarity of KOH solution
M1*V1= M2*V2
when M1 is the molarity of KOH solution
V1 is the total volume = 0.05 + 0.06 = 0.11 L
M2 = 0.21 M
V2 is the excess volume added of KOH = 0.01L
so by substitution:
M1 * 0.11L = 0.21*0.01L
∴M1 =0.02 M
∴[KOH] = [OH-] = 0.02 M
∴POH = -㏒[OH-]
= -㏒0.02
= 1.7
∴PH = 14- POH
= 14- 1.7
= 12.3
Assume it is 1 litre and weighs 1kg.
2 percent of 1 kg is 20g.
20g divided by molar mass of NaOH.
20g divide by 40 = 0.5 mole
0.5 mole in a litre would be 0.5M
That is the answer: 0.5M
A. and D. would be the best pick for this sort of experiment, but maybe (unlikely) B. because you could see how they could react in certain situations, how they react to danger but I suggest A.
Hope this helps you ☁︎☀︎☁︎
