To know this you pretty much do have to kind of memorize a few electronegativities. I don't recall ever getting a table of electronegativities on an exam.
From the structure, you have:
I remember the following electronegativities most because they are fairly patterned:
EN
H
=
2.1
EN
C
=
2.5
EN
N
=
3.0
EN
O
=
3.5
EN
F
=
4.0
EN
Cl
=
3.5
Notice how carbon through fluorine go in increments of
~
0.5
. I believe Pauling made it that way when he determined electronegativities in the '30s.
Δ
EN
C
−
Cl
=
1.0
Δ
EN
C
−
H
=
0.4
Δ
EN
C
−
C
=
0.0
Δ
EN
C
−
O
=
1.0
Δ
EN
O
−
H
=
1.4
So naturally, with the greatest electronegativity difference of
4.0
−
2.5
=
1.5
, the
C
−
F
bond is most polar, i.e. that bond's electron distribution is the most drawn towards the more electronegative compound as compared to the rest.
When the electron distribution is polarized and drawn towards a more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom has to move inwards because its nucleus was previously favorably attracted to the electrons from the other atom.
That means generally, the greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms is, the shorter you can expect the bond to be, insofar as the electronegative atom is the same size as another comparable electronegative atom.
However, examining actual data, we would see that on average, in conditions without other bond polarizations occuring:
r
C
−
Cl
≈
177 pm
r
C
−
C
≈
154 pm
r
C
−
O
≈
143 pm
r
C
−
F
≈
135 pm
r
C
−
H
≈
109 pm
r
O
−
H
≈
96 pm
So it is not necessarily the least electronegativity difference that gives the longest bond.
Therefore, you cannot simply consider electronegativity. Examining the radii of the atoms, you should notice that chlorine is the biggest atom in the compound.
r
Cl
≈
79 pm
r
C
≈
70 pm
r
H
≈
53 pm
r
O
≈
60 pm
So assuming the answer is truly
C
−
C
, what would have to hold true is that:
The
C
−
F
bond polarization makes the carbon more electropositive (which is true).
The now more electropositive carbon wishes to attract bonding pairs from chlorine closer, thereby shortening the
C
−
Cl
bond, and potentially the
C
−
H
bond (which is probably true).
The shortening of the
C
−
Cl
bond is somehow enough to be shorter than the
C
−
C
bond (this is debatable).
I believe the correct answer would be option 4. The only statement that is true would be that it is difficult to responsibly dispose of nuclear waste products. This is because nuclear waste products are radioactive and are very harmful to the society and to the environment. It could cause serious damage to every being in contact to it.
b) It is based on atomic properties as alkali metals requires 7 more electrons to complete their outer orbit. And they try to give those electrons to other elements to obtain noble gas configuration.
Noble gases are the gases which do not react easily with anything. They are also called as Inert gases, and belongs to group 18 of the periodic table.
Alkali metals are the substances which are found in Group I of a periodic table. Mostly the elements which are present are:
Properties of alkali metals are: Soft, shiny reactive metals. They are soft enough to cut with knife. Metals react with water and air quickly and gets tarnish, so pure metals are stored in container by dipping them in oil to prevent oxidation.
To know more about Alkali metals, refer to this link:
brainly.com/question/18153051
#SPJ4
C4H10+ 02= C02+ H20
explanation
a combusting is made of carbon dioxide and water.
<h3>2C4H10+13/2O2 -> 8C02+10H2O</h3>
C=4 C=1 x4 =4
H=10 H=2x5=10
O=2 x13/2=13 O = 8+5=13
