Answer:
Option b. Effective nuclear charge increases as we move to the right across a row in the periodic table
Explanation:
The <em>effective nuclear charge </em>is a measure of how strong the protons in the nucleus of an atom attract the outermost electrons of such atom.
The <em>effective nuclear charge</em> is the net positive charge experienced by valence electrons and is calculated (as an approximation) by the equation: Zeff = Z – S, where Z is the atomic number and S is the number of shielding electrons.
The shielding electrons are those electrons in between the interesting electrons and the nucleus of the atom.
Since the shielding electrons are closer to the nucleus, they repel the outermost electrons and so cancel some of the attraction exerted by the positive charge of the nucleus, meaning that the outermost electrons feel less the efect of attraction of the protons. That is why in the equation of Zeff, the shielding electrons (S) subtract the total from the atomic number Z.
The <em>effective nuclear charge</em>, then, is responsible for some properties and trends in the periodic table. Here, you can see how this explains the trend of the atomic radius (size of the atom) accross a row in the periodic table.
- As the<em> effective nuclear charge</em> is larger, in a same row of the periodic table, the shielding effect is lower, the outermost electrons are more strongly attracted by the nucleus, and the size of the atoms decrease. That is why as we move to the right in the periodic table, the size of the atoms decrease.
D. Weathering
The six steps of the rock cycle includes Weathering and Erosion, Transportation, Deposition, Compaction and Cementation. Metamorphism, Rock Melting.
Deposition is the process where rock particles sink at the rivers and become sediment.
Weathering is the process by which wind and water breaks down igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. The process refers to large rocks broken down into smaller pieces and the broken off particles stay in the area.
Answer:The factors which are used to calculate the kinetic energy of an object are mass and velocity. Explanation: The kinetic energy is the energy of the motion of an object. Here, m is the mass of the object and v is the velocity of the object.
Explanation:
hope it helps
Answer:
Unbalanced forces
Explanation:
Unbalanced forces acting on an object can change the object's speed, causing it to speed up or slow down.
