The answer is carbon dioxide. This primordial earths’ atmosphere was composed by gasses from degassing of the earth's interior after its formation. It is after the beginning of life that oxygen levels began to rise and levels of carbon dioxide began to reduce in the atmosphere (as a result of photosynthesis).
The sphere’s Electric potential energy is 1.6*
J
Given,
q=6. 5 µc, V=240 v,
We know that sphere’s Electric potential energy(E) = qV=6.5*
=1.6*
J
<h3>Electric potential energy</h3>
The configuration of a certain set of point charges within a given system is connected with the potential energy (measured in joules) known as electric potential energy, which is a product of conservative Coulomb forces. Two crucial factors—its inherent electric charge and its position in relation to other electrically charged objects—can determine whether an object has electric potential energy.
In systems with time-varying electric fields, the potential energy is referred to as "electric potential energy," but in systems with time-invariant electric fields, the potential energy is referred to as "electrostatic potential energy."
A tiny sphere carrying a charge of 6. 5 µc sits in an electric field, at a point where the electric potential is 240 v. what is the sphere’s potential energy?
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Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
a
The effect of a change in the price of a new pair of headphones on the equilibrium price of replacement tips ( dp/dpN) is

b
The value of Q and p at equilibruim is
and
5
The consumer surplus is 
The producer surplus is 
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The inverse market demand is 
The inverse supply function is 
a
The effect of change in the price is mathematically given as

Now differntiating the inverse market demand function with respect to 
We get that

b
We are told that
$30
Therefore the inverse market demand becomes

At equilibrium

So we have

Where
is the quantity at equilibrium



Substituting the value of Q into the equation for the inverse market demand function

5
Looking at the equation for
we see that
For Q = 0


And for Q = 250


Hence the consumer surplus is mathematically evaluated as

Substituting value


And
The producer surplus is mathematically evaluated as

