I suppose that you wanted write "uncharged". The particles without electrical charge present in the nucleus are called neutrons.
Force. Force is measured by newtons, probably because he came up with the equations to calculate force.
Hope this helps!
In order to make his measurements for determining the Earth-Sun distance, Aristarchus waited for the Moon's phase to be exactly half full while the Sun was still visible in the sky. For this reason, he chose the time of a half (quarter) moon.
<h3 /><h3>How did Aristarchus calculate the distance to the Sun?</h3>
It was now possible for another Greek astronomer, Aristarchus, to attempt to determine the Earth's distance from the Sun after learning the distance to the Moon. Aristarchus discovered that the Moon, the Earth, and the Sun formed a right triangle when they were all equally illuminated. Now that he was aware of the distance between the Earth and the Moon, all he needed to know to calculate the Sun's distance was the current angle between the Moon and the Sun. It was a wonderful argument that was weakened by scant evidence. Aristarchus calculated this angle to be 87 degrees using only his eyes, which was not far off from the actual number of 89.83 degrees. But when there are significant distances involved, even slight inaccuracies might suddenly become significant. His outcome was more than a thousand times off.
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When two sides of a membrane are in contact with each other, the distribution of ions will alter as a result of the binding of a signal molecule to a ligand-gated ion channel.
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What is a ligand-gated ion channel?</h3>
Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are membrane proteins that are structurally integral and feature a pore that permits the controlled passage of particular ions across the plasma membrane. The electrochemical gradient for the permeant ions drives the passive ion flux.
When a chemical ligand, such as a neurotransmitter, attaches to the protein, ligand-gated ion channels open. Changes in membrane potential cause voltage channels to open and close. When a receptor physically deforms, as in the case of pressure and touch receptors, mechanically-gated channels open.
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