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kupik [55]
3 years ago
12

4. Determine the size of the contact patch, relative displacement and the maximum contact pressure for a 20-mm-dia steel ball ro

lled against a flat aluminum plate with 1 kN force. Take Esteel = 200 GPa, νsteel = 0.3, EAl = 70 GPa and νAl = 1/3.
Engineering
1 answer:
wel3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

0.0806 mm

735.588 MPa

Explanation:

Given data:

Esteel = 200 GPa

vsteel = 0.3,

EAI = 70 GPa,  vAI = 1/3

diameter of steel ball = 20-mm

Applied force = 1 kN force

density of steel ( ρ ) = 8050 kg/m^3

weight of steel =  ρvg = 0.33 N

<u>Calculate the size of </u>

<u><em>i) contact patch</em></u>

size of contact patch  = \sqrt[3]{\frac{3FR}{4E} } ----------- ( 1 )

where: F = 1000 + 0.33 = 1000.33 N , r = 0.01 m,

E = 57.26 * 10^9 ( calculated value )  

Input values into equation 1

size of contact patch ( a ) = 0.0806 mm

<u><em>ii) maximum contact pressure </em></u>

P = 3F / 2πa^2

  = ( 3 * 1000.33 ) / 2π(0.0806)^2

  = 735.588 MPa

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Sergeu [11.5K]

To solve the problem it is necessary to consider the concepts and formulas related to the change of ideal gas entropy.

By definition the entropy change would be defined as

\Delta S = C_p ln(\frac{T_2}{T_1})-Rln(\frac{P_2}{P_1})

Using the Boyle equation we have

\Delta S = C_p ln(\frac{T_2}{T_1})-Rln(\frac{v_1T_2}{v_2T_1})

Where,

C_p = Specific heat at constant pressure

T_1= Initial temperature of gas

T_2= Final temprature of gas

R = Universal gas constant

v_1= Initial specific Volume of gas

v_2= Final specific volume of gas

According to the statement, it is an isothermal process and the tank is therefore rigid

T_1 = T_2, v_2=v_1

The equation would turn out as

\Delta S = C_p ln1-ln1

<em>Therefore the entropy change of the ideal gas is 0</em>

Into the surroundings we have that

\Delta S = \frac{Q}{T}

Where,

Q = Heat Exchange

T = Temperature in the surrounding

Replacing with our values we have that

\Delta S = \frac{230kJ}{(30+273)K}

\Delta S = 0.76 kJ/K

<em>Therefore the increase of entropy into the surroundings is 0.76kJ/K</em>

8 0
3 years ago
An iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.286 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1200°
Fantom [35]

Answer:

Explanation:

Given data:

initial construction co = 0.286 wt %

concentration at surface position cs = 0 wt %

carbon concentration cx = 0.215 wt%

time = 7 hr

D =  7.5 \times 10^{-11} m^2/s

for 0.225% carbon concentration following formula is used

\frac{cx -co}{cs -co} = 1 - erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}})

where, erf stand for error function

\frac{cx -co}{cs -co} = \frac{0.215 -0.286}{0 -0.286} =0.248

0.248 = 1 - erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}})

erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}}) = 1 - 0.248

erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}}) = 0.751

from the table erf(Z) value = 0.751 lie between (z) = 0.80 and z = 0.85 so by inteerpolation we have z = 0.815

from given table

\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}} = 0.815

x = 2\times 0.815 \times \sqrt{7.5 \times 10^{-11}\times (7\times 3600)

x = 2.39\times 10^{-3} m

x = 0.002395 mm

8 0
3 years ago
The combustion chamber has different shapes depending on the make and model of the engine. True or false
Alisiya [41]

Answer:

svdsdfdfsdfssdf

Explanation:

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5 0
3 years ago
A rich industrialist was found murdered in his house. The police arrived at the scene at 11:00 PM. The temperature of the corpse
d1i1m1o1n [39]

Answer:

The dude was killed around 6:30PM

Explanation:

Newton's law of cooling states:

    T = T_m + (T_0-T_m)e^{kt}

where,

T_0 = initial temp

T_m = temp of room

T = temp after t hours

k = how fast the temp is changing

t = time (hours)

T_0 = 31     because the body was initlally 31ºC when the police found it

T_m = 22   because that was the room temp

T = 30  because the body temp drop to 30ºC after 1 hour

t = 1 because that's the time it took for the body temp to drop to 30ºC

k=???   we don't know k so we must solve for this

rearrange the equation to solve for k

T = T_m + (T_0-T_m)e^{kt}

T - T_m= (T_0-T_m)e^{kt}

\frac{T - T_m}{(T_0-T_m)}= e^{kt}

ln(\frac{T - T_m}{T_0-T_m})=kt

\frac{ln(\frac{T - T_m}{T_0-T_m})}{t}=k

plug in the numbers to solve for k

k = \frac{ln(\frac{T - T_m}{T_0-T_m})}{t}

k = \frac{ln(\frac{30 - 22}{31-22})}{1}

k=ln(\frac{8}{9})

Now that we know the value for k, we can find the moment the murder occur. A crucial information that the question left out is the temperature of a human body when they're still alive. A living human body is about 37ºC. We can use that as out initial temperature to solve this problem because we can assume that the freshly killed body will be around 37ºC.

T_0 = 37     because the body was 37ºC right after being killed

T_m = 22   because that was the room temp

T = 31  because the body temp when the police found it

k=ln(\frac{8}{9})   we solved this earlier

t = ???   we don't know how long it took from the time of the murder to when the police found the body

Rearrange the equation to solve for t

T = T_m + (T_0-T_m)e^{kt}

T - T_m= (T_0-T_m)e^{kt}

\frac{T - T_m}{(T_0-T_m)}= e^{kt}

ln(\frac{T - T_m}{T_0-T_m})=kt

\frac{ln(\frac{T - T_m}{T_0-T_m})}{k}=t

plug in the values

t=\frac{ln(\frac{T - T_m}{T_0-T_m})}{k}

t=\frac{ln(\frac{31 - 22}{37-22})}{ln(8/9)}

t=\frac{ln(3/5)}{ln(8/9)}

t=\frac{ln(3/5)}{ln(8/9)}

t ≈ 4.337 hours from the time the body was killed to when the police found it.

The police found the body at 11:00PM so subtract 4.337 from that.

11 - 4.33 = 6.66 ≈ 6:30PM

7 0
3 years ago
PELASEE HELPPP WITH MARK BRAINLIST!!!! You are stopped at a red light, and a long string of cars is crossing in front of you. Wh
choli [55]

Answer:

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Explanation:

I think that because they the one who is going to get a ticket and also you will not gonna get in a car accident.

7 0
3 years ago
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