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finlep [7]
3 years ago
8

Beaker A contains 100 mL of water at a temperature of 25 °C. Beaker B contains 100 mL of water at a temperature of 60 °C. Which

of the following statement is true?
a. Beaker A has lower kinetic energy than beaker B
b. Beaker A has higher thermal energy than beaker B
c. Beaker A has higher potential energy than beaker B
d. Beaker A has lower potential energy than beaker B
e. Beaker A has higher kinetic energy than beaker B
Physics
1 answer:
Novosadov [1.4K]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Only option A is correct. Beaker A has lower kinetic energy than beaker B.

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Beaker 1 has a volume of 100 mL at 25 °C

Beaker B has a volume of 100 mL at 60 °C

Thermal energy = m*c*T

Thermal energy beaker A = 100 grams*4.184 * 25°C

Thermal energy beaker B = 100 grams *4.184*60°C

⇒ Since both beakers contain the same amount of water, the thermal energy depends on the temperature.

Since beaker B has a higher temperature, it has a higher thermal energy than beaker A

When we heat a substance, its temperature rises and causes an increase in the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. Temperature is, in fact, a measure of the kinetic energy of molecules.

This means beaker B has a higher kinetic energy than beaker A

Potential energy doesn't depend on temperature. this means the potential energy of beaker A and beaker B is the same.

a. Beaker A has lower kinetic energy than beaker B. This is correct.

b. Beaker A has higher thermal energy than beaker B. This is false.

c. Beaker A has higher potential energy than beaker B. This is false.

d. Beaker A has lower potential energy than beaker B. This is false

e. Beaker A has higher kinetic energy than beaker B. This is false.

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3 years ago
A gas is compressed from 600cm3 to 200cm3 at a constant pressure of 450kPa . At the same time, 100J of heat energy is transferre
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Answer: 80J

Explanation:

According to the first principle of thermodynamics:  

<em>"Energy is not created, nor destroyed, but it is conserved."  </em>

Then this priciple (also called Law) relates the work and the transferred heat exchanged in a system through the internal energy U, which is neither created nor destroyed, it is only transformed. So, in this especific case of the compressed gas:

\Delta U=Q+W  (1)

Where:

\Delta U is the variation in the internal (thermal) energy of the system (the value we want to find)

Q=-100J is the heat transferred out of the gas (that is why it is negative)

W is the work is done on the gas (as the gas is compressed, the work done on the gas must be considered positive )

On the other hand, the work done on the gas is given by:

W=-P \Delta V  (2)

Where:

P=450kPa=450(10)^{3}Pa is the constant pressure of the gas

\Delta V=V_{f}-V_{i} is the variation in volume of the gas

In this case the initial volume is V_{i}=600{cm}^{3}=600(10)^{-6}m^{3} and the final volume is V_{f}=200{cm}^{3}=200(10)^{-6}m^{3}.

This means:

\Delta V=200(10)^{-6}m^{3}-600(10)^{-6}m^{3}=-400(10)^{-6}m^{3}  (3)

Substituting (3) in (2):

W=-450(10)^{3}Pa(-400(10)^{-6}m^{3})  (4)

W=180J  (5)

Substituting (5) in (1):

\Delta U=-100J+180J  (6)

Finally:

\Delta U=80J  This is the change in thermal energy in the compression process.

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